Tsarin samfurin
l. Wayar da aka yi da enamel
1.1 samfurin ma'aunin waya mai zagaye da aka yi da enamel: tsarin gb6109-90; tsarin sarrafa ciki na masana'antu na zxd/j700-16-2001
1.2 samfurin ma'aunin waya mai faɗi da aka yi da enamel: jerin gb/t7095-1995
Daidaitacce don hanyoyin gwaji na wayoyi masu zagaye da lebur masu enamel: gb/t4074-1999
Layin Naɗe Takarda
2.1 samfurin samfurin nade takarda zagaye waya: gb7673.2-87
2.2 samfurin misali na waya mai faɗi da aka naɗe da takarda: gb7673.3-87
Tsarin gwaji na wayoyi masu zagaye da lebur da aka naɗe da takarda: gb/t4074-1995
daidaitaccen tsari
Tsarin samfurin: gb3952.2-89
Ma'aunin hanyar: gb4909-85, gb3043-83
Wayar jan ƙarfe mara nauyi
4.1 samfurin ma'aunin waya zagaye tagulla mara komai: gb3953-89
4.2 samfurin ma'aunin waya mai faɗi ta jan ƙarfe: gb5584-85
Hanyar gwaji misali: gb4909-85, gb3048-83
Wayar juyawa
Waya mai zagaye gb6i08.2-85
Wayar lebur gb6iuo.3-85
Ma'aunin ya fi mayar da hankali kan jerin ƙayyadaddun bayanai da karkacewar girma
Ma'aunin ƙasashen waje sune kamar haka:
Tsarin samfurin Japan sc3202-1988, ma'aunin hanyar gwaji: jisc3003-1984
Ma'aunin Amurka wml000-1997
Hukumar Fasaha ta Lantarki ta Duniya mcc317
Amfani da Halaye
1. Wayar acetal mai enamel, wacce take da ƙarfin zafi na 105 da 120, tana da ƙarfin injina mai kyau, mannewa, man transformer da juriyar sanyaya. Duk da haka, samfurin yana da ƙarancin juriyar danshi, ƙarancin zafin da ke rage laushin zafi, ƙarancin aikin mai narkar da barasa mai ɗorewa, da sauransu. Ana amfani da ƙaramin adadin sa don naɗe transformer da aka nutsar da mai da injin da aka cika da mai.
Wayar da aka yi da enamel
Wayar da aka yi da enamel
2. Matsayin zafi na layin polyester na yau da kullun na polyester da polyester da aka gyara shine 130, kuma matakin zafi na layin murfin da aka gyara shine 155. Ƙarfin injina na samfurin yana da girma, kuma yana da kyakkyawan sassauci, mannewa, aikin lantarki da juriyar narkewa. Rashin ƙarfi shine rashin juriyar zafi da juriyar tasiri da ƙarancin juriyar danshi. Ita ce mafi girman nau'in a China, wanda ya kai kusan kashi biyu cikin uku, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin motoci daban-daban, lantarki, kayan aiki, kayan sadarwa da kayan aikin gida.
3. Wayar rufewa ta polyurethane; matakin zafi 130, 155, 180, 200. Manyan halayen wannan samfurin sune walda kai tsaye, juriya mai yawa, sauƙin launi da kuma juriyar danshi. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan lantarki da kayan aiki masu daidaito, sadarwa da kayan aiki. Rashin ƙarfin wannan samfurin shine cewa ƙarfin injina yana da ɗan rauni, juriyar zafi ba ta da yawa, kuma sassauci da mannewa na layin samarwa ba su da kyau. Saboda haka, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aikin wannan samfurin ƙananan layuka ne da ƙananan layuka.
4. Wayar fenti mai haɗaka ta polyester imide / polyamide, samfurin yana da kyakkyawan aiki na juriya ga zafi, yanayin zafi mai laushi da lalacewa, ƙarfin injina mai kyau, juriya mai kyau ga narkewa da aikin juriya ga sanyi. Rashin ƙarfi shine cewa yana da sauƙin hydrolyze a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai rufewa kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin naɗewa kamar injin, na'urar lantarki, kayan aiki, kayan aiki na lantarki, na'urar canza wutar lantarki ta busasshe da sauransu.
5. Tsarin waya mai rufi na polyester IMIM / polyamide imide ana amfani da shi sosai a layin rufi mai jure zafi na cikin gida da na ƙasashen waje, matakin zafi shine 200, samfurin yana da juriyar zafi mai yawa, kuma yana da halaye na juriyar sanyi, juriyar sanyi da juriyar radiation, ƙarfin injiniya mai yawa, aikin lantarki mai karko, juriyar sinadarai mai kyau da juriyar sanyi, da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin injin daskarewa na firiji, injin sanyaya iska, kayan aikin lantarki, injinan da ke hana fashewa da kayan lantarki a ƙarƙashin zafin jiki mai yawa, zafin jiki mai yawa, zafin jiki mai yawa, juriyar radiation, yawan aiki da sauran yanayi.
gwaji
Bayan an ƙera samfurin, ko kamanninsa, girmansa da aikinsa sun cika ƙa'idodin fasaha na samfurin da buƙatun yarjejeniyar fasaha ta mai amfani, dole ne a yi masa hukunci ta hanyar dubawa. Bayan aunawa da gwaji, idan aka kwatanta da ƙa'idodin fasaha na samfurin ko yarjejeniyar fasaha ta mai amfani, waɗanda suka cancanta sun cancanta, in ba haka ba, ba su cancanta ba. Ta hanyar dubawa, ana iya nuna kwanciyar hankali na ingancin layin rufi da kuma fahimtar fasahar kayan. Saboda haka, duba inganci yana da aikin dubawa, rigakafi da ganewa. Abubuwan da ke cikin binciken layin rufi sun haɗa da: bayyanar, duba girma da aunawa da gwajin aiki. Aikin ya haɗa da halayen injiniya, sinadarai, zafi da lantarki. Yanzu galibi muna bayyana kamannin da girman.
saman
(bayyanar) zai kasance mai santsi da santsi, tare da launi iri ɗaya, babu barbashi, babu iskar shaka, gashi, saman ciki da na waje, tabo baƙi, cire fenti da sauran lahani da ke shafar aikin. Tsarin layin zai kasance a kwance kuma a kewaye da faifai na kan layi ba tare da danna layin ba kuma ya ja da baya. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ke shafar saman, waɗanda suka shafi kayan aiki, kayan aiki, fasaha, muhalli da sauran abubuwa.
girman
2.1 girman wayar zagaye mai enamel ya haɗa da: girman waje (diamita na waje) d, diamita mai jagora D, karkacewar mai jagora △ D, zagayen mai jagoranci F, kauri na fim ɗin fenti t
2.1.1 diamita na waje yana nufin diamita da aka auna bayan an shafa wa mai jagora fenti mai rufi.
2.1.2 diamita na jagora yana nufin diamita na wayar ƙarfe bayan an cire layin rufi.
2.1.3 karkacewar jagora yana nufin bambanci tsakanin ƙimar da aka auna ta diamita na jagoran jagora da ƙimar da ba a san ta ba.
2.1.4 ƙimar rashin zagaye (f) tana nufin babban bambanci tsakanin matsakaicin karatu da ƙaramin karatu da aka auna akan kowane sashe na jagorar.
Hanyar aunawa ta 2.2
2.2.1 Kayan aiki na aunawa: micrometer mai aunawa, daidaito o.002mm
Idan fentin da aka naɗe da waya mai zagaye d < 0.100mm, ƙarfin shine 0.1-1.0n, kuma ƙarfin shine 1-8n lokacin da D ya kasance ≥ 0.100mm; ƙarfin layin lebur mai rufi da fenti shine 4-8n.
2.2.2 diamita na waje
2.2.2.1 (layin da'ira) lokacin da diamita na mai jagora D bai wuce 0.200mm ba, auna diamita na waje sau ɗaya a matsayi 3 nesa da mita 1, rubuta ƙimar ma'auni 3, kuma ɗauki matsakaicin ƙimar azaman diamita na waje.
2.2.2.2 lokacin da diamita na mai jagora D ya fi 0.200mm girma, ana auna diamita na waje sau 3 a kowane matsayi a wurare biyu a nesa da mita 1, kuma an rubuta ƙimar ma'auni 6, kuma ana ɗaukar matsakaicin ƙimar azaman diamita na waje.
2.2.2.3 za a auna girman gefen mai faɗi da kuma gefen mai kunkuntar sau ɗaya a matsayi na 100mm3, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar ƙimar da aka auna guda uku za a ɗauka a matsayin girman gaba ɗaya na gefen mai faɗi da gefen mai kunkuntar.
Girman jagoran 2.2.3
2.2.3.1 (wayar da'ira) idan diamita na mai jagora D bai kai 0.200mm ba, za a cire rufin ta kowace hanya ba tare da lalata mai jagora a wurare 3 nesa da juna ba mita 1. Za a auna diamita na mai jagora sau ɗaya: ɗauki matsakaicin ƙimarsa azaman diamita na mai jagora.
2.2.3.2 idan diamita na mai jagora D ya fi o.200mm girma, cire rufin ta kowace hanya ba tare da lalata mai jagora ba, sannan a auna daban-daban a wurare uku a daidai gwargwado tare da kewaye mai jagora, sannan a ɗauki matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar ma'auni uku a matsayin diamita mai jagora.
2.2.2.3 (wayar lebur) tana da nisan mm3 10, kuma za a cire rufin ta kowace hanya ba tare da lalacewar mai jagoran ba. Za a auna girman gefen mai faɗi da kuma gefen mai kunkuntar sau ɗaya bi da bi, kuma matsakaicin ƙimar ƙimar ma'auni uku za a ɗauka a matsayin girman mai jagoran gefen mai faɗi da kuma gefen mai kunkuntar.
Lissafi 2.3
2.3.1 karkacewa = An auna D – D mara suna
2.3.2 f = matsakaicin bambanci a cikin kowace ka'idar diamita da aka auna akan kowane sashe na jagorar
2.3.3t = ma'aunin DD
Misali na 1: akwai farantin waya mai enamel mai siffar qz-2/130 0.71omm, kuma ƙimar ma'auni kamar haka
Diamita na waje: 0.780, 0.778, 0.781, 0.776, 0.779, 0.779; diamita mai jagoranci: 0.706, 0.709, 0.712. Ana ƙididdige diamita na waje, diamita mai jagoranci, karkacewa, ƙimar F, kauri fim ɗin fenti kuma ana tantance cancantar.
Magani: d= (0.780+0.778+0.781+0.776+0.779+0.779) /6=0.779mm, d= (0.706+0.709+0.712) /3=0.709mm, karkacewa = D an auna suna = 0.709-0.710=-0.001mm, f = 0.712-0.706=0.006, t = DD an auna ƙimar = 0.779-0.709=0.070mm
Ma'aunin ya nuna cewa girman layin shafa ya cika ƙa'idodin da aka saba.
Layi mai faɗi 2.3.4: fim ɗin fenti mai kauri 0.11 < & ≤ 0.16mm, fim ɗin fenti na yau da kullun 0.06 ＜ & < 0.11mm
Amax = a + △ + &max, Bmax = b+ △ + &max, lokacin da diamita na waje na AB bai wuce Amax da Bmax ba, kauri na fim ɗin ya wuce &max, karkacewar girman suna a (b) a (b) ＜ 3.155 ± 0.030, 3.155 < a (b) ＜ 6.30 ± 0.050, 6.30 < B ≤ 12.50 ± 0.07, 12.50 < B ≤ 16.00 ± 0.100.
Misali, 2: layin da ke akwai mai faɗi qzyb-2/180 2.36 × 6.30mm, girman da aka auna a: 2.478, 2.471, 2.469; a:2.341, 2.340, 2.340; b:6.450, 6.448, 6.448; b:6.260, 6.258, 6.259. Ana ƙididdige kauri, diamita na waje da kuma jagoran fim ɗin fenti kuma ana tantance cancantar.
Magani: a= (2.478+2.471+2.469) /3=2.473; b= (6.450+6.448+6.448) /3=6.449;
a=（2.341+2.340+2.340）/3=2.340；b=（6.260+6.258+6.259）/3=6.259
Kauri a fim ɗin: 2.473-2.340=0.133mm a gefen a da kuma 6.499-6.259=0.190mm a gefen B.
Dalilin girman na'urar da ba ta cancanta ba galibi yana faruwa ne saboda matsin lamba na tashi yayin fenti, rashin daidaita matsewar filaye a kowane sashe, ko juyawar da ba ta sassauƙa na saitawa da ƙafafun jagora, da kuma zana wayar da kyau sai dai lahani da aka ɓoye ko kuma ƙayyadaddun bayanai na na'urar da ba ta daidaita ba.
Babban dalilin da ya sa ba a daidaita girman fenti mai rufi ba shi ne rashin daidaita abin da aka ji, ko kuma ba a sanya masakar yadda ya kamata ba, kuma ba a sanya masakar yadda ya kamata ba. Bugu da ƙari, canjin saurin aiki, danko na fenti, abubuwan da ke cikinsa da sauransu suma za su shafi kauri na zanen fenti.

aiki
3.1 Halayen injiniya: gami da tsawaitawa, kusurwar dawowa, laushi da mannewa, goge fenti, ƙarfin tensile, da sauransu.
3.1.1 tsawaitar yana nuna ƙarfin kayan, wanda ake amfani da shi don tantance juriyar wayar da aka yi da enamel.
3.1.2 kusurwar bazara da laushi suna nuna nakasar roba ta kayan aiki, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don kimanta laushin wayar da aka yi da enamel.
Tsawonsa, kusurwar bazara da laushinsa suna nuna ingancin jan ƙarfe da kuma matakin rage ƙarfin wayar da aka yi da enamel. Manyan abubuwan da ke shafar tsawonsa da kuma kusurwar baya na wayar da aka yi da enamel sune (1) ingancin waya; (2) ƙarfin waje; (3) matakin rage ƙarfinsa.
3.1.3 taurin fim ɗin fenti ya haɗa da lanƙwasawa da shimfiɗawa, wato, nakasar shimfiɗa fim ɗin fenti da aka yarda da ita wadda ba ta karyewa tare da nakasar shimfiɗa na mai jagora.
3.1.4 mannewar fim ɗin fenti ya haɗa da fashewa da barewa cikin sauri. Ana kimanta ikon mannewar fim ɗin fenti ga mai jagora.
Gwajin juriyar karce na fim ɗin fenti mai enamel yana nuna ƙarfin fim ɗin fenti akan karce na inji.
3.2 juriya ga zafi: gami da girgizar zafi da gwajin rushewar laushi.
3.2.1 girgizar zafi ta waya mai enamel shine juriyar zafi na fim ɗin rufewa na waya mai enamel mai yawa a ƙarƙashin aikin matsin lamba na injiniya.
Abubuwan da ke shafar girgizar zafi: fenti, wayar jan ƙarfe da kuma tsarin enamel.
3.2.3 aikin laushi da rugujewar waya mai enamel shine ma'aunin ikon fim ɗin fenti na waya mai enamel don jure wa lalacewar zafi a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin injiniya, wato, ikon fim ɗin fenti a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba don yin robobi da laushi a babban zafin jiki. Aikin laushi da rugujewar zafi na fim ɗin waya mai enamel ya dogara ne akan tsarin kwayoyin halitta na fim ɗin da ƙarfin da ke tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta.
3.3 halayen lantarki sun haɗa da: ƙarfin lantarki mai lalacewa, ci gaba da fim da gwajin juriya na DC.
3.3.1 ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana nufin ƙarfin nauyin wutar lantarki na fim ɗin waya mai enamel. Babban abubuwan da ke shafar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai lalacewa sune: (1) kauri na fim; (2) zagayen fim; (3) matakin warkarwa; (4) ƙazanta a cikin fim ɗin.
3.3.2 gwajin ci gaba da fim ana kiransa gwajin ramin rami. Manyan abubuwan da ke tasiri a cikinsa sune: (1) kayan aiki; (2) tsarin aiki; (3) kayan aiki.
3.3.3 Juriyar DC tana nufin ƙimar juriya da aka auna a tsawon naúrar. Mafi yawan abin da ke shafar ta shine: (1) matakin nutsewa; (2) kayan aiki masu enamel.
3.4 juriyar sinadarai ya haɗa da juriyar narkewa da walda kai tsaye.
3.4.1 juriyar sinadaran: gabaɗaya, wayar da aka yi da enamel dole ne ta bi tsarin sanyawa bayan naɗewa. Maganin da ke cikin varnish ɗin da aka yi da enamel yana da tasirin kumburi daban-daban akan fim ɗin fenti, musamman a mafi yawan zafin jiki. Juriyar sinadarai na fim ɗin da aka yi da enamel galibi ana tantance shi ne ta halayen fim ɗin da kansa. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na fenti, tsarin da aka yi da enamel yana da wani tasiri kan juriyar sinadaran na wayar da aka yi da enamel.
3.4.2 aikin walda kai tsaye na wayar da aka yi da enamel yana nuna ikon walda na wayar da aka yi da enamel a cikin tsarin naɗewa ba tare da cire fim ɗin fenti ba. Manyan abubuwan da ke shafar yadda ake haɗa kai tsaye sune: (1) tasirin fasaha, (2) tasirin fenti.

aiki
3.1 Halayen injiniya: gami da tsawaitawa, kusurwar dawowa, laushi da mannewa, goge fenti, ƙarfin tensile, da sauransu.
3.1.1 tsawo yana nuna ƙarfin kayan kuma ana amfani da shi don tantance juriyar wayar da aka yi da enamel.
3.1.2 kusurwar springback da laushi suna nuna nakasar roba ta kayan kuma ana iya amfani da su don tantance laushin wayar da aka yi da enamel.
Tsawo, kusurwar bazara da laushi suna nuna ingancin jan ƙarfe da kuma matakin rage ƙarfin waya mai enamel. Manyan abubuwan da ke shafar tsayi da kusurwar bazara na wayar mai enamel sune (1) ingancin waya; (2) ƙarfin waje; (3) matakin rage ƙarfin wuta.
3.1.3 taurin fim ɗin fenti ya haɗa da lanƙwasawa da shimfiɗawa, wato, nakasar da aka yarda da ita ta hanyar tensile na fim ɗin fenti ba ta karyewa tare da nakasar tensile na mai jagora.
3.1.4 mannewa na fim ya haɗa da karyewa da kuma fashewa cikin sauri. An tantance ikon mannewa na fim ɗin fenti ga mai jagora.
3.1.5 gwajin juriyar karce na fim ɗin waya mai enamel yana nuna ƙarfin fim ɗin akan karce na inji.
3.2 juriya ga zafi: gami da girgizar zafi da gwajin rushewar laushi.
3.2.1 girgizar zafi ta waya mai enamel tana nufin juriyar zafi na fim ɗin rufewa na waya mai enamel mai yawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na inji.
Abubuwan da ke shafar girgizar zafi: fenti, wayar jan ƙarfe da kuma tsarin enamel.
3.2.3 aikin laushi da rugujewar waya mai enamel shine ma'auni na ikon fim ɗin waya mai enamel don jure wa lalacewar zafi a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙarfin injiniya, wato, ikon fim ɗin don yin robobi da laushi a ƙarƙashin zafin jiki mai yawa a ƙarƙashin aikin matsi. Sifofin laushi da rugujewar zafi na fim ɗin waya mai enamel sun dogara ne akan tsarin kwayoyin halitta da ƙarfin da ke tsakanin sarƙoƙin kwayoyin halitta.
Aikin lantarki na 3.3 ya haɗa da: ƙarfin lantarki mai lalacewa, ci gaba da fim da gwajin juriya na DC.
3.3.1 ƙarfin lantarki mai lalacewa yana nufin ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin wutar lantarki na fim ɗin waya mai enamel. Babban abubuwan da ke shafar ƙarfin lantarki mai lalacewa sune: (1) kauri na fim; (2) zagayen fim; (3) matakin warkarwa; (4) ƙazanta a cikin fim ɗin.
3.3.2 gwajin ci gaba da fim ana kuma kiransa gwajin ramin rami. Manyan abubuwan da ke tasiri sune: (1) kayan aiki; (2) tsarin aiki; (3) kayan aiki.
3.3.3 Juriyar DC tana nufin ƙimar juriya da aka auna a tsawon naúrar. Abubuwan da ke biyo baya ne suka fi shafar ta: (1) matakin rage zafi; (2) kayan aikin enamel.
3.4 juriyar sinadarai ya haɗa da juriyar narkewa da walda kai tsaye.
3.4.1 juriyar sinadaran: gabaɗaya, ya kamata a saka wayar da aka yi da enamel bayan an naɗe ta. Maganin da ke cikin varnish ɗin da aka yi da enamel yana da tasirin kumburi daban-daban akan fim ɗin, musamman a yanayin zafi mafi girma. Juriyar sinadarai na fim ɗin waya da aka yi da enamel galibi ana ƙaddara shi ne ta halayen fim ɗin da kansa. A ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na shafa, tsarin shafa shi ma yana da wani tasiri kan juriyar sinadaran na wayar da aka yi da enamel.
3.4.2 aikin walda kai tsaye na wayar da aka yi da enamel yana nuna ikon walda na wayar da aka yi da enamel a cikin tsarin naɗewa ba tare da cire fim ɗin fenti ba. Manyan abubuwan da ke shafar yadda za a iya haɗa kai tsaye sune: (1) tasirin fasaha, (2) tasirin rufi

tsarin fasaha
Biya → annealing → fenti → yin burodi → sanyaya → shafa man shafawa → ɗauka
Farawa
A cikin aikin enamel na yau da kullun, yawancin kuzarin mai aiki da ƙarfin jiki ana cinye su a ɓangaren biyan kuɗi. Sauya reel ɗin biyan kuɗi yana sa mai aiki ya biya aiki mai yawa, kuma haɗin gwiwa yana da sauƙin haifar da matsaloli masu inganci da gazawar aiki. Hanyar da ta fi tasiri ita ce samar da babban ƙarfin aiki.
Mabuɗin biyan kuɗi shine a sarrafa tashin hankali. Lokacin da tashin hankali ya yi yawa, ba wai kawai zai sa mai jagoranci ya zama siriri ba, har ma yana shafar halaye da yawa na wayar da aka yi da enamel. Daga bayyanar, siririn wayar ba shi da kyau sosai; daga mahangar aiki, tsayi, juriya, sassauci da girgizar zafi na wayar da aka yi da enamel suna shafar. Tashin hankalin layin biyan kuɗi ya yi ƙanƙanta, layin yana da sauƙin tsalle, wanda ke sa layin jawo da layin su taɓa bakin tanda. Lokacin da ake tashi, abin tsoro mafi girma shine cewa tashin hankalin rabin da'ira yana da girma kuma tashin hankalin rabin da'ira ƙaramin ne. Wannan ba wai kawai zai sa wayar ta saki ta karye ba, har ma zai haifar da babban bugun wayar a cikin tanda, wanda ke haifar da gazawar haɗuwa da taɓawa ta waya. Ya kamata tashin hankali ya zama daidai kuma daidai.
Yana da matukar amfani a shigar da tayoyin wutar lantarki da aka saita a gaban tanderun murhu don sarrafa tashin hankali. Matsakaicin matsin lamba mara tsawo na wayar jan ƙarfe mai sassauƙa shine kimanin 15kg / mm2 a zafin ɗaki, 7kg / mm2 a 400 ℃, 4kg / mm2 a 460 ℃ da 2kg / mm2 a 500 ℃. A tsarin rufewa na yau da kullun na wayar da aka lulluɓe da enamel, matsin lambar wayar da aka lulluɓe da enamel ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da matsin lamba mara tsawo, wanda ya kamata a sarrafa shi a kusan 50%, kuma matsin lambar da aka sanya ya kamata a sarrafa shi a kusan 20% na matsin lambar da ba a lulluɓe da enamel ba.
Ana amfani da na'urar biya ta nau'in juyawa ta radial don babban girma da babban ƙarfin spool; galibi ana amfani da na'urar biya ta overend ko nau'in goga don matsakaicin girma; nau'in goga ko nau'in hannun riga mai mazugi biyu galibi ana amfani da na'urar biya ta micro size don ƙaramin girma.
Ko da wace hanya ce aka ɗauka don biyan kuɗi, akwai ƙa'idodi masu tsauri don tsari da ingancin na'urar zare tagulla mara komai
—-Saman ya kamata ya yi santsi domin tabbatar da cewa wayar ba ta yi karce ba
—-Akwai kusurwoyin radius r na 2-4mm a ɓangarorin biyu na tsakiyar shaft da kuma ciki da wajen farantin gefe, don tabbatar da daidaiton saitin yayin aiwatar da tashi
—-Bayan an sarrafa spool ɗin, dole ne a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen daidaito na tsaye da na motsi
—- Diamita na tsakiyar shaft na na'urar biyan buroshi: diamita na farantin gefe bai wuce 1:1.7 ba; diamita na na'urar biyan buroshi ta ƙarshe bai wuce 1:1.9 ba, in ba haka ba za a karya wayar idan aka biya ta tsakiyar shaft.

rage zafi
Manufar annealing ita ce a sa mai tuƙi ya taurare saboda canjin layin zane a cikin tsarin zane na manne da aka dumama a wani zafin jiki, ta yadda za a iya dawo da laushin da ake buƙata ta hanyar tsarin bayan sake tsara layin kwayoyin halitta. A lokaci guda, ana iya cire man shafawa da mai da ke saman mai tuƙi yayin aikin zane, ta yadda za a iya fenti waya cikin sauƙi kuma a tabbatar da ingancin wayar da aka yi da enamel. Abu mafi mahimmanci shine a tabbatar da cewa wayar da aka yi da enamel tana da sassauci da tsayin da ya dace yayin amfani da ita azaman naɗewa, kuma yana taimakawa wajen inganta yanayin aiki a lokaci guda.
Mafi girman nakasar na'urar jagora, haka nan ƙarancin tsawaitawa da kuma ƙarfin tensile.
Akwai hanyoyi guda uku da aka saba amfani da su wajen haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe: haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe; haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe; haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe. Hanyoyin farko guda biyu ba za su iya biyan buƙatun tsarin haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe ba. Haɗin waya ta jan ƙarfe na iya laushi kawai, amma haɗa mai ba ya cika. Saboda wayar tana da laushi bayan haɗa waya, ana ƙara lanƙwasawa yayin biyan kuɗi. Ci gaba da haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe na iya laushi da cire man shafawa a saman, amma bayan haɗa waya ta jan ƙarfe mai laushi yana kan haɗa waya kuma yana haifar da lanƙwasa mai yawa. Ci gaba da haɗa waya kafin a yi zane a kan haɗa waya ba wai kawai zai iya cimma manufar laushi da rage mai ba, har ma wayar da aka haɗa tana madaidaiciya sosai, kai tsaye cikin na'urar zanen, kuma ana iya shafa ta da fim ɗin fenti iri ɗaya.
Ya kamata a tantance zafin wutar lantarki bisa ga tsawon wutar lantarki mai rufewa, ƙayyadaddun wayar jan ƙarfe da kuma saurin layi. A daidai wannan zafin da saurin wutar lantarki, tsawon wutar lantarki mai rufewa, haka nan cikakken dawo da layin wutar lantarki. Lokacin da zafin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa, yawan zafin wutar lantarki ya yi yawa, mafi kyawun tsawaitawa. Amma lokacin da zafin wutar lantarki ya yi yawa sosai, akasin haka zai bayyana. Mafi girman zafin wutar lantarki, ƙaramar tsawaitawa ce, kuma saman wayar zai rasa haske, har ma da rauni.
Yawan zafin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ba wai kawai yana shafar rayuwar wutar lantarki ba, har ma yana ƙone wayar cikin sauƙi lokacin da aka dakatar da ita don kammalawa, ya karye kuma ya zare ta. Ya kamata a sarrafa matsakaicin zafin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a kusan 500 ℃. Yana da tasiri a zaɓi wurin sarrafa zafin jiki a matsakaicin matsayi na zafin jiki mai tsauri da tsauri ta hanyar amfani da tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki mai matakai biyu don wutar lantarki.
Tagulla yana da sauƙin oxidize a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Tagulla oxide yana da sassauƙa sosai, kuma ba za a iya haɗa fim ɗin fenti da wayar jan ƙarfe ba. Tagulla oxide yana da tasirin catalytic akan tsufan fim ɗin fenti, kuma yana da mummunan tasiri akan sassauci, girgizar zafi da tsufar zafi na wayar da aka yi da enamel. Idan ba a haɗa mai sarrafa tagulla da oxidation ba, ya zama dole a kiyaye mai gudanar da tagulla daga hulɗa da iskar oxygen a cikin iska a yanayin zafi mai yawa, don haka ya kamata a sami iskar gas mai kariya. Yawancin tarukan annealing an rufe su da ruwa a gefe ɗaya kuma a buɗe a ɗayan. Ruwan da ke cikin tankin ruwa na tagulla annealing yana da ayyuka uku: rufe bakin tagulla, wayar sanyaya, samar da tururi azaman iskar kariya. A farkon farawa, saboda ƙarancin tururi a cikin bututun annealing, ba za a iya cire iska cikin lokaci ba, don haka ana iya zuba ƙaramin adadin ruwan barasa (1:1) a cikin bututun annealing. (ku kula kada ku zuba barasa mai tsarki kuma ku sarrafa yawan da ake buƙata)
Ingancin ruwa a cikin tankin rufewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Datti a cikin ruwa zai sa waya ta ƙazantu, ta shafi zanen, ba za ta iya samar da fim mai santsi ba. Yawan sinadarin chlorine na ruwan da aka sake dawo da shi ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 5mg / L, kuma ƙarfin watsawa ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da 50 μΩ / cm. Aion na chloride da aka haɗa a saman wayar jan ƙarfe zai lalata wayar jan ƙarfe da fim ɗin fenti bayan wani lokaci, kuma ya haifar da tabo baƙi a saman waya a cikin fim ɗin fenti na wayar da aka yi da enamel. Domin tabbatar da ingancin, dole ne a riƙa tsaftace wurin wanka akai-akai.
Ana kuma buƙatar zafin ruwa a cikin tankin. Yawan zafin ruwa yana taimakawa wajen haifar da tururi don kare wayar jan ƙarfe mai annealed. Wayar da ke barin tankin ruwa ba ta da sauƙin ɗaukar ruwa, amma ba ta da amfani ga sanyaya wayar. Duk da cewa ƙarancin zafin ruwa yana taka rawa wajen sanyaya, akwai ruwa mai yawa a kan wayar, wanda ba ya da amfani ga zanen. Gabaɗaya, zafin ruwan layin mai kauri yana ƙasa, kuma na layin siriri yana da girma. Lokacin da wayar jan ƙarfe ta bar saman ruwa, akwai sautin tururi da fesa ruwa, wanda ke nuna cewa zafin ruwan ya yi yawa. Gabaɗaya, layin mai kauri ana sarrafa shi a 50 ~ 60 ℃, layin tsakiya ana sarrafa shi a 60 ~ 70 ℃, kuma layin siriri ana sarrafa shi a 70 ~ 80 ℃. Saboda saurinsa da kuma matsalar ɗaukar ruwa mai tsanani, ya kamata a busar da layin mai laushi ta hanyar iska mai zafi.

Zane
Zane shine tsarin shafa wayar rufi akan na'urar sarrafa ƙarfe don samar da wani shafi iri ɗaya tare da wani kauri. Wannan yana da alaƙa da abubuwa da yawa na zahiri na hanyoyin ruwa da fenti.
1. abubuwan da suka faru na zahiri
1) Danko lokacin da ruwa ke gudana, karo tsakanin kwayoyin halitta yana sa kwayar halitta ɗaya ta motsa tare da wani Layer. Saboda ƙarfin hulɗa, Layer na ƙarshe na kwayoyin halitta yana hana motsi na Layer na baya na kwayoyin halitta, don haka yana nuna aikin mannewa, wanda ake kira danko. Hanyoyi daban-daban na zane da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na jagora daban-daban suna buƙatar danko daban-daban na fenti. Danko yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na resin, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na resin yana da girma, kuma danko na fenti yana da girma. Ana amfani da shi don fenti layi mai kauri, saboda halayen injiniya na fim ɗin da aka samu ta hanyar babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta sun fi kyau. Ana amfani da resin mai ƙaramin danko don rufe layi mai kyau, kuma nauyin kwayoyin halitta na resin ƙarami ne kuma mai sauƙin rufewa daidai, kuma fim ɗin fenti yana da santsi.
2) Akwai ƙwayoyin halitta a kusa da ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin ruwan tazara na saman ruwa. Nauyin da ke tsakanin waɗannan ƙwayoyin halitta na iya kaiwa ga daidaito na ɗan lokaci. A gefe guda, ƙarfin wani Layer na ƙwayoyin halitta a saman ruwan yana ƙarƙashin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta na ruwa, kuma ƙarfinsa yana nuna zurfin ruwan, a gefe guda kuma, yana ƙarƙashin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta na iskar gas. Duk da haka, ƙwayoyin halitta na iskar gas ba su kai ƙwayoyin halitta na ruwa ba kuma suna da nisa. Saboda haka, ana iya cimma ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin saman ruwan saboda nauyin da ke cikin ruwan, saman ruwan yana raguwa gwargwadon iko don samar da ƙugiya mai zagaye. Yankin saman duniya shine mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin tsarin girma iri ɗaya. Idan ruwan bai shafi wasu ƙarfi ba, koyaushe yana da siffar ƙwallo a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na saman ruwa.
Dangane da matsin lamba a saman saman ruwa na fenti, lanƙwasawar saman da ba ta daidaita ba ta bambanta, kuma matsin lamba mai kyau na kowane wuri ba shi da daidaito. Kafin shiga tanderun rufin fenti, ruwan fenti a ɓangaren mai kauri yana kwarara zuwa wurin siriri ta hanyar matsin lamba a saman, don haka ruwan fenti ya zama iri ɗaya. Ana kiran wannan tsari da tsarin daidaitawa. Daidaiton fim ɗin fenti yana shafar tasirin daidaitawa, kuma nauyi yana shafar shi. Dukansu sakamakon ƙarfin da aka samu ne.
Bayan an yi jifa da na'urar sarrafa fenti, ana yin aikin jan zare. Saboda an lulluɓe wayar da jifa, siffar ruwan fenti tana da siffar zaitun. A wannan lokacin, a ƙarƙashin tasirin matsin lamba a saman, maganin fenti yana shawo kan danko na fenti kuma ya koma da'ira cikin ɗan lokaci. An nuna zane da zagaye na maganin fenti a cikin hoton:
1 - mai sarrafa fenti a cikin jijiya 2 - lokacin fitar da jijiya 3 - ruwan fenti yana zagaye saboda matsin lamba a saman
Idan ƙayyadaddun waya ƙanana ne, tozarcin fenti ya ƙanƙanta, kuma lokacin da ake buƙata don zana da'ira ya ƙanƙanta; idan ƙayyadaddun waya ya ƙaru, tozarcin fenti ya ƙaru, kuma lokacin zagaye da ake buƙata shi ma ya fi girma. A cikin fenti mai yawan danko, wani lokacin matsin lamba a saman ba zai iya shawo kan gogayya ta ciki na fenti ba, wanda ke haifar da layin fenti mara daidaito.
Idan aka ji wayar da aka shafa, har yanzu akwai matsalar nauyi a tsarin zane da zagaye layin fenti. Idan lokacin aikin da'irar ja ya yi gajere, kusurwar kaifi na zaitun zai ɓace da sauri, lokacin tasirin aikin nauyi a kansa ya yi gajere sosai, kuma layin fenti a kan mai jagoranci yana da daidaito. Idan lokacin zane ya fi tsayi, kusurwar kaifi a ƙarshen biyu tana da dogon lokaci kuma lokacin aikin nauyi ya fi tsayi. A wannan lokacin, layin ruwa na fenti a kusurwar kaifi yana da yanayin kwararar ƙasa, wanda ke sa layin fenti a yankunan gida ya yi kauri, kuma matsin lamba a saman yana sa ruwan fenti ya ja ya zama ƙwallo ya zama barbashi. Saboda nauyi yana bayyana sosai lokacin da layin fenti ya yi kauri, ba a yarda ya yi kauri sosai lokacin da aka shafa kowane shafi ba, wanda shine ɗayan dalilan da yasa "ana amfani da fenti mai siriri don shafa fiye da shafi ɗaya" lokacin shafa layin rufi.
Idan aka shafa labule mai laushi, idan ya yi kauri, yana matsewa ƙarƙashin tasirin matsin lamba na saman, yana samar da ulu mai kama da ulu mai laushi ko siffar bamboo.
Idan akwai ƙura mai laushi a kan na'urar sarrafa bura, ƙura ba ta da sauƙin fenti a ƙarƙashin tasirin matsin lamba na saman, kuma yana da sauƙin ɓacewa da sirara, wanda ke haifar da ramin allura na wayar da aka yi da enamel.
Idan mai zagayawa yana da siffar oval, a ƙarƙashin ƙarin matsin lamba, layin ruwan fenti zai zama siriri a ƙarshen biyu na dogon axis mai siffar elliptical kuma ya yi kauri a ƙarshen biyu na gajeren axis, wanda ke haifar da wani babban abin da ba shi da daidaito. Saboda haka, zagayen wayar jan ƙarfe mai zagaye da ake amfani da ita don wayar da aka yi da enamel zai cika buƙatun.
Idan aka samar da kumfa a cikin fenti, kumfa shine iska da aka naɗe a cikin ruwan fenti yayin juyawa da ciyarwa. Saboda ƙaramin rabon iska, yana tashi zuwa saman waje ta hanyar busawa. Duk da haka, saboda matsin saman ruwan fenti, iska ba za ta iya ratsa saman ta ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ruwan fenti ba. Ana shafa irin wannan fenti mai kumfa iska a saman waya kuma yana shiga cikin tanderun naɗe fenti. Bayan dumama, iska tana faɗaɗa da sauri, kuma ana fentin ruwan fenti Lokacin da matsin saman ruwa ya ragu saboda zafi, saman layin rufi ba shi da santsi.
3) Abin da ke haifar da jika shi ne cewa digogin mercury suna raguwa zuwa ellipses a kan farantin gilashin, kuma digogin ruwa suna faɗaɗa akan farantin gilashin don samar da wani siririn Layer tare da ɗan tsakiya mai lanƙwasa. Na farko ba ya yin jika, na biyu kuma abin da ke faruwa da danshi ne. Jika alama ce ta ƙarfin kwayoyin halitta. Idan nauyi tsakanin kwayoyin ruwa ya yi ƙasa da na tsakanin ruwa da datti, ruwan yana jika datti, sannan ruwan zai iya zama a rufe shi daidai a saman datti; idan nauyi tsakanin kwayoyin ruwan ya fi na tsakanin ruwa da datti, ruwan ba zai iya jika datti ba, kuma ruwan zai ragu zuwa taro a saman datti. Rukuni ne. Duk ruwa na iya jika wasu datti, ba wasu ba. Kusurwar da ke tsakanin layin tangent na matakin ruwa da layin tangent na saman datti ana kiranta kusurwar hulɗa. Kusurwar hulɗa ƙasa da 90 ° ruwa mai datti datti, kuma ruwan ba ya jika datti a 90 ° ko fiye.
Idan saman wayar tagulla yana da haske da tsabta, za a iya shafa fenti. Idan saman ya yi wa fenti fenti da mai, kusurwar da ke tsakanin mai da kuma wurin da ke haɗa ruwan fenti za ta shafi. Ruwan fenti zai canza daga jika zuwa rashin jika. Idan wayar tagulla ta yi tauri, tsarin layin kwayoyin halitta na saman ba shi da kyau sosai, wanda hakan ba ya taimakawa wajen jika wayar tagulla ta hanyar maganin lacquer.
4) Halin Capillary Ruwan da ke cikin bangon bututu yana ƙaruwa, kuma ruwan da bai jiƙa bangon bututun ba yana raguwa a cikin bututun ana kiransa yanayin capillary. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin jiƙa da tasirin tashin hankali na saman. Ana amfani da fenti mai ji don amfani da yanayin capillary. Lokacin da ruwan ya jiƙa bangon bututun, ruwan yana tashi tare da bangon bututun don samar da saman da ke kwance, wanda ke ƙara yankin saman ruwan, kuma tashin hankali na saman yakamata ya sa saman ruwan ya ragu zuwa mafi ƙaranci. A ƙarƙashin wannan ƙarfin, matakin ruwan zai kasance a kwance. Ruwan da ke cikin bututun zai tashi tare da ƙaruwa har sai tasirin jiƙa da tashin hankali na saman yana jan sama kuma nauyin ginshiƙin ruwa a cikin bututun ya kai daidaito, ruwan da ke cikin bututun zai tsaya Tsayawa tashi. Mafi ƙarancin capillary, ƙaramin takamaiman nauyi na ruwan, ƙaramin kusurwar hulɗa na jiƙa, mafi girman tashin hankali na saman, mafi girman matakin ruwa a cikin capillary, mafi bayyana yanayin capillary.

2. Hanyar fenti mai ji
Tsarin zanen fensir ɗin abu ne mai sauƙi kuma aikin yana da sauƙi. Muddin an manne fensir ɗin a gefen waya biyu tare da abin da aka ji, ana amfani da halayen da ba su da laushi, laushi, na roba da kuma ramuka na fensir don samar da ramin mold, goge fenti da ya wuce kima akan waya, sha, adanawa, jigilarwa da kuma haɗa ruwan fenti ta hanyar abin da ke faruwa a cikin capillary, sannan a shafa ruwan fenti iri ɗaya a saman wayar.
Hanyar shafa fenti ba ta dace da fentin waya mai enamel ba tare da saurin canza sinadarin sinadarai ko kuma yawan danko. Saurin canza sinadarin sinadarai da sauri da kuma yawan danko za su toshe ramukan ji kuma su rasa karfinsa na fitar da sinadarin capillary.
Lokacin amfani da hanyar fenti mai laushi, ya kamata a mai da hankali ga:
1) Nisa tsakanin maƙallin ji da kuma hanyar shiga tanda. Idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarfin daidaita da nauyi bayan fenti, abubuwan da ke haifar da dakatar da layi da nauyi, nisan da ke tsakanin tankin ji da tankin fenti (injin kwance) shine 50-80mm, kuma nisan da ke tsakanin bakin ji da na tanda shine 200-250mm.
2) Bayani dalla-dalla game da fensir. Lokacin shafa ƙaƙƙarfan bayani, ana buƙatar fensir ya zama mai faɗi, kauri, laushi, roba, kuma yana da ramuka da yawa. Fensir yana da sauƙin samar da manyan ramuka na mold a cikin aikin fenti, tare da adana fenti mai yawa da isarwa cikin sauri. Ana buƙatar ya zama kunkuntar, siriri, mai yawa kuma tare da ƙananan ramuka lokacin shafa zare mai kyau. Ana iya naɗe fensir ɗin da auduga ko zane mai T-shirt don samar da saman mai laushi da laushi, don haka adadin zanen ya zama ƙarami kuma iri ɗaya.
Bukatun girma da yawa na jil ɗin da aka rufe
Bayani mm faɗi × yawan kauri g / cm3 Bayani mm faɗi × yawan kauri g / cm3
0.8~2.5 50×16 0.14~0.16 0.1~0.2 30×6 0.25~0.30
0.4~0.8 40×12 0.16~0.20 0.05~0.10 25×4 0.30~0.35
20 ~ 0.250.05 ƙasa da 20 × 30.35 ~ 0.40
3) Ingancin jifa. Ana buƙatar jifa mai inganci da zare mai kyau da tsayi don fenti (an yi amfani da zare mai roba mai juriyar zafi da juriyar lalacewa don maye gurbin jifa a ƙasashen waje). 5%, pH = 7, santsi, kauri iri ɗaya.
4) Bukatun da ake buƙata don felting splint. Dole ne a shirya felting ɗin daidai kuma a sarrafa shi yadda ya kamata, ba tare da tsatsa ba, don kiyaye saman da ya dace da fel ɗin, ba tare da lanƙwasawa da lalacewa ba. Ya kamata a shirya felting daban-daban masu diamita daban-daban na waya. Ya kamata a sarrafa matsewar fel ɗin ta hanyar ƙarfin fel ɗin gwargwadon iko, kuma ya kamata a guji matse shi da sukurori ko spring. Hanyar matsewa da ƙarfin felting na iya sa rufin kowane zare ya yi daidai.
5) Ya kamata a daidaita jigon da kyau tare da samar da fenti. Idan kayan fenti ba su canza ba, za a iya sarrafa adadin wadatar fenti ta hanyar daidaita juyawar na'urar ɗaukar fenti. Za a shirya matsayin jigon, ƙashin baya da kuma mai jagoranta ta yadda ramin da ke samar da fenti ya daidaita da mai jagoran, don kiyaye matsin lamba iri ɗaya na jigon akan mai jagoran. Matsayin kwance na ƙafafun jagora na injin enamel a kwance ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da saman na'urar enamel, kuma tsayin saman na'urar enamel da tsakiyar layin da aka ji dole ne su kasance akan layin kwance ɗaya. Domin tabbatar da kauri da ƙarewar fim ɗin waya mai enamel, ya dace a yi amfani da ƙaramin zagayawa don samar da fenti. Ana tura ruwan fenti cikin babban akwatin fenti, kuma ana tura fenti mai zagayawa cikin ƙaramin tankin fenti daga babban akwatin fenti. Tare da amfani da fenti, ƙaramin tankin fenti yana ci gaba da ƙara fenti a cikin babban akwatin fenti, don haka fenti a cikin ƙaramin tankin fenti yana kiyaye ɗanko da abun ciki mai ƙarfi.
6) Bayan an yi amfani da shi na wani lokaci, za a toshe ramukan da aka shafa da foda na tagulla a kan wayar tagulla ko wasu ƙazanta a cikin fenti. Wayar da ta karye, wayar da ke mannewa ko haɗin gwiwa a cikin samarwa za su kuma yi karce da lalata saman da ya ji rauni. Za a lalata saman wayar ta hanyar gogayya ta dogon lokaci da ji. Hasken zafin da ke bakin tanda zai taurare ji, don haka yana buƙatar a maye gurbinsa akai-akai.
7) Zane mai ji yana da illolinsa da ba makawa. Sauyawa akai-akai, ƙarancin amfani, ƙaruwar sharar gida, asarar ji; kauri tsakanin layuka ba abu ne mai sauƙi a isa gare shi ba; yana da sauƙin haifar da rashin daidaituwar fim; saurin yana da iyaka. Saboda gogayya da ke faruwa sakamakon motsi tsakanin waya da ji lokacin da saurin waya ya yi sauri sosai, zai haifar da zafi, ya canza danko na fenti, har ma ya ƙone ji; aiki mara kyau zai kawo ji a cikin tanderu kuma ya haifar da gobara Haɗari; akwai wayoyi da aka ji a cikin fim ɗin waya mai ji, wanda zai yi mummunan tasiri akan waya mai ji da zafi mai ƙarfi; ba za a iya amfani da fenti mai ji da yawa ba, wanda zai ƙara farashi.

3. Takardar izinin fenti
Yawan zanen da ke wucewa yana shafar abun da ke ciki, danko, matsin lamba a saman, kusurwar hulɗa, saurin bushewa, hanyar fenti da kauri na shafi. Dole ne a shafa fentin waya mai enamel a kai a kai a gasa shi sau da yawa don ya sa sinadarin ya ƙafe gaba ɗaya, kuma ya cika aikin resin, kuma a samar da kyakkyawan fim.
Tsarin fenti mai saurin fenti mai ƙarfi a saman zafin fenti mai danko hanyar fenti mai danko
Sauri da jinkirin girma da ƙarancin girma mai kauri da siriri mai tsayi da ƙarancin ji mold
Sau nawa na zane
Rufin farko shine mabuɗin. Idan ya yi siriri sosai, fim ɗin zai samar da wani isasshen iska, kuma za a yi wa mai tuƙin jan ƙarfe oxidize, kuma a ƙarshe saman wayar da aka yi da enamel zai yi fure. Idan ya yi kauri sosai, amsawar haɗin gwiwa ba zai isa ba kuma mannewar fim ɗin zai ragu, kuma fenti zai yi laushi a ƙarshen bayan ya karye.
Rufin ƙarshe ya fi siriri, wanda ke da amfani ga juriyar karce na waya mai enamel.
A cikin samar da layin ƙayyadaddun bayanai, adadin zanen da aka yi yana shafar bayyanar da aikin ramin rami kai tsaye.

yin burodi
Bayan an yi wa waya fenti, sai ya shiga tanda. Da farko, ruwan da ke cikin fentin yana ƙafewa, sannan a taurare shi don ya zama wani Layer na fenti. Sannan, ana fentin shi kuma a gasa shi. Ana kammala dukkan aikin yin burodi ta hanyar maimaita shi sau da yawa.
1. Rarraba zafin tanda
Rarraba zafin tanda yana da tasiri sosai kan gasa waya mai enamel. Akwai buƙatu guda biyu don rarraba zafin tanda: zafin jiki na tsayi da zafin jiki na ketare. Buƙatar zafin jiki na tsayi shine lanƙwasa, wato, daga ƙasa zuwa sama, sannan daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Ya kamata zafin jiki na ketare ya zama layi. Daidaiton zafin jiki na ketare ya dogara ne akan dumama, adana zafi da kuma haɗakar iskar gas mai zafi na kayan aiki.
Tsarin enamel yana buƙatar cewa tanderun enamel ya cika buƙatun
a) Daidaitaccen tsarin kula da zafin jiki, ± 5 ℃
b) Ana iya daidaita lanƙwasa zafin wutar tanderu, kuma matsakaicin zafin yankin warkarwa zai iya kaiwa 550 ℃
c) Bambancin zafin jiki mai wucewa ba zai wuce 5 ℃ ba.
Akwai nau'ikan zafin jiki guda uku a cikin tanda: zafin tushen zafi, zafin iska da zafin mai gudanarwa. A al'ada, ana auna zafin wutar tanderun ta hanyar thermocouple da aka sanya a cikin iska, kuma zafin jiki gabaɗaya yana kusa da zafin iskar gas a cikin tanderun. Tushen T > t-gas > T-paint > t-waya (T-paint shine zafin canjin fenti na zahiri da sinadarai a cikin tanda). Gabaɗaya, T-paint yana ƙasa da kusan 100 ℃ fiye da t-gas.
An raba tanda zuwa yankin ƙafewa da yankin ƙarfafawa a tsayi. Yankin ƙafewa yana da ƙarfi ta hanyar ƙafewa, kuma yankin da ke warkewa yana da ƙarfi ta hanyar fim ɗin da ke warkarwa.
2. Tururi
Bayan an shafa fenti mai rufi a kan mai sarrafa wutar lantarki, sinadarin da ke narkewa da mai narkewa suna ƙafewa yayin yin burodi. Akwai nau'i biyu na ruwa zuwa iska: ƙafewa da tafasa. Kwayoyin da ke kan saman ruwa da ke shiga iska ana kiransu ƙafewa, wanda za a iya aiwatarwa a kowane zafin jiki. Sakamakon yanayin zafi da yawa, zafi mai yawa da ƙarancin yawa na iya hanzarta ƙafewa. Lokacin da yawan ya kai wani adadin, ruwan ba zai ƙara ƙafewa ba kuma ya cika. Kwayoyin da ke cikin ruwan suna juyawa zuwa iska don samar da kumfa kuma su tashi zuwa saman ruwan. Kumfa suna fashewa kuma suna sakin tururi. Abin da ke faruwa cewa ƙwayoyin da ke ciki da kuma a saman ruwan suna ƙafewa a lokaci guda ana kiransu tafasa.
Ana buƙatar fim ɗin wayar da aka yi da enamel don ya yi santsi. Dole ne a yi tururin sinadarin da ke cikin ruwa a cikin nau'in ƙafe. Ba a yarda da tafasa ba kwata-kwata, in ba haka ba kumfa da barbashi masu gashi za su bayyana a saman wayar da aka yi da enamel. Da fitar da sinadarin da ke cikin ruwan, fenti mai rufewa zai yi kauri da kauri, kuma lokacin da sinadarin da ke cikin ruwan zai yi ƙaura zuwa saman zai yi tsayi, musamman ga wayar da aka yi da enamel mai kauri. Saboda kauri da fenti mai ruwa, lokacin fitar da sinadarin yana buƙatar ya fi tsayi don guje wa tururin sinadarin da ke cikin ruwan da kuma samun fim mai santsi.
Zafin yankin ƙafewa ya dogara ne da wurin tafasa na maganin. Idan wurin tafasawa ya yi ƙasa, zafin yankin ƙafewa zai yi ƙasa. Duk da haka, zafin fenti a saman wayar yana canjawa daga zafin tanda, tare da shaƙar zafi na ƙafewar maganin, shaƙar zafi na waya, don haka zafin fenti a saman wayar ya yi ƙasa da zafin tanda.
Ko da yake akwai matakin ƙafewa a cikin yin burodin enamels masu laushi, sinadarin narkewar ruwa yana ƙafewa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci saboda siririn rufin da ke kan wayar, don haka zafin da ke yankin ƙafewa zai iya zama mafi girma. Idan fim ɗin yana buƙatar ƙaramin zafin jiki yayin da ake warkewa, kamar wayar polyurethane mai enamel, zafin da ke yankin ƙafewa ya fi na yankin ƙafewa. Idan zafin yankin ƙafewa ya yi ƙasa, saman wayar da aka yi enamel zai samar da gashi mai ƙyalli, wani lokacin kamar wavy ko slubby, wani lokacin concave. Wannan saboda ana samun wani Layer na fenti iri ɗaya akan wayar bayan an fenti waya. Idan ba a gasa fim ɗin da sauri ba, fenti yana raguwa saboda tashin saman da kusurwar jikewar fenti. Lokacin da zafin yankin ƙafewa ya yi ƙasa, zafin fenti yana da ƙasa, lokacin ƙafewa na sinadarin narkewa yana da tsawo, motsi na fenti a cikin ƙafewa na sinadarin narkewa ƙarami ne, kuma matakin ba shi da kyau. Idan zafin yankin ƙafewa ya yi yawa, zafin fenti yana da yawa, kuma lokacin ƙafewa na ƙafewa ya yi tsawo. Lokacin ƙafewa ya yi gajere, motsin fenti mai ruwa a cikin ƙafewa na ƙafewa yana da girma, daidaita shi yana da kyau, kuma saman wayar da aka yi da enamel yana da santsi.
Idan zafin da ke cikin yankin fitar da iska ya yi yawa, sinadarin da ke cikin layin waje zai ƙafe da sauri da zarar wayar da aka rufe ta shiga tanda, wanda zai samar da "jelly" da sauri, don haka yana hana ƙaura ta waje na sinadarin da ke cikin layin ciki. Sakamakon haka, za a tilasta wa yawan sinadarai masu narkewa a cikin layin ciki su ƙafe ko su tafasa bayan sun shiga yankin zafin jiki mai yawa tare da wayar, wanda zai lalata ci gaban fim ɗin fenti na saman kuma ya haifar da ramuka da kumfa a cikin fim ɗin fenti da sauran matsalolin inganci.

3. warkarwa
Wayar tana shiga yankin da ke warkarwa bayan ƙafewa. Babban abin da ke faruwa a yankin da ke warkarwa shine amsawar sinadarai na fenti, wato, haɗa kai da kuma warkar da tushen fenti. Misali, fenti na polyester wani nau'in fenti ne wanda ke samar da tsari mai tsari ta hanyar haɗa ester ɗin itacen da tsarin layi. Haɓakar mannewa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da aikin layin mannewa. Idan mannewa bai isa ba, zai iya shafar sassauci, juriyar narkewa, juriyar karce da kuma lalacewar wayar mannewa. Wani lokaci, kodayake duk ayyukan sun yi kyau a wancan lokacin, kwanciyar hankali na fim ɗin bai yi kyau ba, kuma bayan wani lokaci na ajiya, bayanan aiki sun ragu, har ma ba su da cancanta. Idan mannewa ya yi yawa, fim ɗin ya zama mai rauni, sassauci da girgizar zafi za su ragu. Yawancin wayoyin da aka yi wa fenti za a iya tantance su ta hanyar launin fim ɗin fenti, amma saboda layin mannewa ana gasa shi sau da yawa, ba cikakke ba ne a yi hukunci kawai daga bayyanar. Lokacin da mannewa na ciki bai isa ba kuma mannewa na waje ya isa sosai, launin layin mannewa yana da kyau sosai, amma kadarar barewa ba ta da kyau sosai. Gwajin tsufa na zafi na iya haifar da babban barewa a hannun riga ko kuma babban barewa. Akasin haka, idan maganin ciki yana da kyau amma maganin waje bai isa ba, launin layin murfin ma yana da kyau, amma juriyar karce ba ta da kyau.
Akasin haka, idan maganin da ke cikin ya yi kyau amma maganin da ke waje bai isa ba, launin layin shafa ma yana da kyau, amma juriyar karce ba ta da kyau sosai.
Wayar tana shiga yankin da ke warkarwa bayan ƙafewa. Babban abin da ke faruwa a yankin da ke warkarwa shine amsawar sinadarai na fenti, wato, haɗa kai da kuma warkar da tushen fenti. Misali, fenti mai polyester wani nau'in fim ne na fenti wanda ke samar da tsari mai tsari ta hanyar haɗa ester ɗin itacen da tsarin layi. Haɓaka yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da aikin layin shafa. Idan gogewa bai isa ba, zai iya shafar sassauci, juriyar narkewa, juriyar karce da kuma lalacewar wayar rufewa.
Idan matsewar bai isa ba, zai iya shafar sassauci, juriyar narkewa, juriyar karce da kuma lalacewar wayar matsewar. Wani lokaci, duk da cewa duk ayyukan sun yi kyau a wancan lokacin, kwanciyar hankali na fim ɗin bai yi kyau ba, kuma bayan wani lokaci na ajiya, bayanan aiki sun ragu, har ma ba su da cancanta. Idan matsewar ta yi yawa, fim ɗin ya zama mai rauni, sassauci da girgizar zafi za su ragu. Yawancin wayoyi masu enamel za a iya tantance su ta hanyar launin fim ɗin fenti, amma saboda layin matsewar yana gasa sau da yawa, ba cikakke ba ne a yi hukunci kawai daga bayyanar. Lokacin da matsewar ciki bai isa ba kuma matsewar waje ta isa sosai, launin layin matsewar yana da kyau sosai, amma yanayin batsewar yana da kyau sosai. Gwajin tsufa na zafi na iya haifar da hannun riga ko babban barewa. Akasin haka, lokacin da matsewar ciki ta yi kyau amma matsewar waje ba ta da kyau, launin layin matsewar ma yana da kyau, amma juriyar karce ba ta da kyau sosai. A cikin amsawar matsewar, yawan iskar gas mai narkewa ko danshi a cikin iskar gas galibi yana shafar samuwar fim ɗin, wanda ke sa ƙarfin fim ɗin layin matsewar ya ragu kuma juriyar karce ta shafi.
Yawancin wayoyin da aka yi wa fenti za a iya tantance su ta hanyar launin fenti, amma saboda layin rufewa ana gasa shi sau da yawa, ba abu ne mai cikakken bayani ba a yi hukunci daga kamannin kawai. Idan murfin ciki bai isa ba kuma murfin waje ya isa sosai, launin layin rufewa yana da kyau sosai, amma yanayin bawon ba shi da kyau sosai. Gwajin tsufa na zafi na iya haifar da hannun riga na rufewa ko babban bawon. Akasin haka, lokacin da murfin ciki ya yi kyau amma murfin waje bai isa ba, launin layin rufewa ma yana da kyau, amma juriyar karce ba ta da kyau sosai. A cikin amsawar warkarwa, yawan iskar gas mai narkewa ko danshi a cikin iskar gas galibi yana shafar samuwar fim ɗin, wanda ke sa ƙarfin fim ɗin layin rufewa ya ragu kuma juriyar karce ta shafi.

4. Zubar da shara
A lokacin yin burodi na waya mai enamel, dole ne a fitar da tururin mai narkewa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da suka fashe daga cikin tanda akan lokaci. Yawan tururin mai narkewa da danshi a cikin iskar gas zai shafi tururin da kuma wargajewa a cikin aikin yin burodi, kuma ƙarancin ƙwayoyin halitta zai shafi santsi da haske na fim ɗin fenti. Bugu da ƙari, yawan tururin mai narkewa yana da alaƙa da aminci, don haka fitar da sharar gida yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga ingancin samfur, samar da lafiya da kuma amfani da zafi.
Idan aka yi la'akari da ingancin samfurin da kuma samar da aminci, adadin fitar da sharar ya kamata ya fi girma, amma ya kamata a cire babban adadin zafi a lokaci guda, don haka fitar da sharar ya kamata ya dace. Fitar da sharar tanderun zafi mai ƙonewa mai ƙonewa yawanci kashi 20 zuwa 30% na yawan iskar zafi. Adadin sharar ya dogara ne da adadin ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi, danshi na iska, da zafin tanda. Za a fitar da kusan sharar 40 zuwa 50m3 (wanda aka canza zuwa zafin ɗaki) lokacin da aka yi amfani da ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi kilogiram 1. Hakanan ana iya tantance adadin sharar ta hanyar yanayin dumama zafin tanda, juriyar karce na waya mai enamel da sheƙi na waya mai enamel. Idan zafin tanda ya daɗe, amma ƙimar nunin zafin har yanzu yana da yawa, yana nufin cewa zafin da konewar catalytic ke samarwa daidai yake da ko ya fi zafi da ake ci a lokacin busar da tanda, kuma busar da tanda ba za ta yi tasiri ba a babban zafin jiki, don haka ya kamata a ƙara fitar da sharar yadda ya kamata. Idan zafin wutar tanderu ya daɗe, amma alamar zafin bai yi yawa ba, yana nufin cewa yawan zafin ya yi yawa, kuma yana iya yiwuwa adadin sharar da aka fitar ya yi yawa. Bayan dubawa, ya kamata a rage yawan sharar da aka fitar yadda ya kamata. Idan juriyar karce na wayar da aka yi da enamel ba ta da kyau, yana iya zama cewa danshi a cikin tanderu ya yi yawa, musamman a lokacin damina a lokacin rani, danshi a cikin iska yana da yawa, kuma danshi da aka samar bayan ƙonewar tururin mai narkewa yana sa danshi a cikin tanderu ya fi yawa. A wannan lokacin, ya kamata a ƙara fitar da sharar. Matsakaicin raɓar iskar gas a cikin tanderu bai wuce 25 ℃ ba. Idan sheƙi na wayar da aka yi da enamel bai yi kyau ba kuma ba shi da haske, yana iya kuma zama cewa adadin sharar da aka fitar ƙarami ne, saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta da aka fashe ba a fitar da su ba kuma an haɗa su da saman fim ɗin fenti, wanda hakan ke sa fim ɗin fenti ya yi ja.
Shan taba abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a cikin tanderun enamel mai kwance. A cewar ka'idar iska, iskar gas koyaushe tana gudana daga wurin da matsin lamba mai yawa zuwa wurin da ƙaramin matsin lamba. Bayan an dumama iskar gas a cikin tanderun, ƙarar tana faɗaɗa da sauri kuma matsin lamba yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da matsin lamba mai kyau ya bayyana a cikin tanderun, bakin tanderun zai sha taba. Ana iya ƙara yawan fitar da hayaki ko kuma a rage yawan samar da iska don dawo da yankin matsin lamba mara kyau. Idan ƙarshen bakin tanderun ɗaya kawai ya sha taba, saboda yawan samar da iska a wannan ƙarshen ya yi yawa kuma matsin iska na gida ya fi matsin lamba na yanayi, don haka iskar da za a ƙara ba za ta iya shiga tanderun daga bakin tanderun ba, rage yawan samar da iska kuma ta sa matsin lamba mai kyau na gida ya ɓace.

sanyaya
Zafin wayar da aka yi da enamel daga tanda yana da yawa sosai, fim ɗin yana da laushi sosai kuma ƙarfinsa ƙanƙanta ne. Idan ba a sanyaya shi a kan lokaci ba, fim ɗin zai lalace bayan tayar jagora, wanda hakan zai shafi ingancin wayar da aka yi da enamel. Idan saurin layin ya yi jinkiri, matuƙar akwai wani tsawon sashin sanyaya, za a iya sanyaya wayar da aka yi da enamel ta halitta. Idan saurin layin ya yi sauri, sanyaya ta halitta ba za ta iya cika buƙatun ba, don haka dole ne a tilasta ta sanyaya, in ba haka ba ba za a iya inganta saurin layin ba.
Ana amfani da iska mai tilasta sanyaya ta hanyar amfani da na'urar hura iska don sanyaya layin ta hanyar bututun iska da kuma mai sanyaya iska. Lura cewa dole ne a yi amfani da tushen iska bayan tsaftacewa, don guje wa hura datti da ƙura a saman wayar da aka yi da enamel da kuma mannewa a kan fim ɗin fenti, wanda ke haifar da matsalolin saman.
Duk da cewa tasirin sanyaya ruwa yana da kyau sosai, zai shafi ingancin wayar da aka yi da enamel, ya sa fim ɗin ya ƙunshi ruwa, ya rage juriyar karce da juriyar narkewar fim ɗin, don haka bai dace a yi amfani da shi ba.
man shafawa
Man shafawa na wayar da aka yi da enamel yana da tasiri sosai kan matsewar ɗaukar kaya. Man shafawa da ake amfani da shi don wayar da aka yi da enamel zai iya sa saman wayar da aka yi da enamel ya yi santsi, ba tare da lahani ga wayar ba, ba tare da shafar ƙarfin reel ɗin ɗaukar kaya da amfani da mai amfani ba. Matsakaicin adadin mai da za a iya samu don wayar da aka yi da enamel ta yi santsi, amma hannayen ba sa ganin mai a bayyane. A adadi, ana iya shafa 1m2 na wayar da aka yi da enamel da 1g na man shafawa.
Hanyoyin shafawa da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da: shafa man felt, shafa man felt da kuma shafa man roller. A fannin samarwa, ana zaɓar hanyoyin shafa man shafawa daban-daban da kuma man shafawa daban-daban don biyan buƙatun waya mai enamel a cikin aikin naɗewa.

Dauka
Manufar karɓa da shirya wayar ita ce a naɗe wayar da aka yi da enamel akai-akai, a matse ta sosai a kan spool. Ana buƙatar a tuƙa hanyar karɓar ta cikin sauƙi, tare da ƙaramin hayaniya, daidaiton matsin lamba da kuma tsari na yau da kullun. A cikin matsalolin ingancin wayar da aka yi da enamel, rabon dawowar da aka samu sakamakon rashin kyawun karɓa da shirya wayar yana da girma sosai, galibi yana bayyana a cikin babban matsin lambar layin karɓa, diamita na wayar da aka zana ko faifan waya ya fashe; matsin lambar layin karɓa ƙarami ne, layin da aka saki a kan coil yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na layin, kuma rashin daidaiton tsari yana haifar da rashin daidaituwa na layin. Kodayake yawancin waɗannan matsalolin suna faruwa ne sakamakon rashin aiki yadda ya kamata, ana kuma buƙatar matakan da suka dace don kawo sauƙi ga masu aiki a cikin tsari.
Jinkirin layin karɓa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, wanda galibi ana sarrafa shi ta hannun mai aiki. A cewar gogewar, an bayar da wasu bayanai kamar haka: layin da ke da tauri kamar 1.0mm kusan kashi 10% ne na jinƙin da ba na faɗaɗa ba, layin tsakiya kusan kashi 15% ne na jinƙin da ba na faɗaɗa ba, layin da ke da tauri kusan kashi 20% ne na jinƙin da ba na faɗaɗa ba, kuma layin micro kusan kashi 25% ne na jinƙin da ba na faɗaɗa ba.
Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci a tantance rabon saurin layi da saurin karɓa daidai gwargwado. Ƙaramin tazara tsakanin layukan tsarin layi zai haifar da layin da bai daidaita ba a kan na'urar. Nisa tsakanin layin ya yi ƙanƙanta. Lokacin da aka rufe layin, ana danna layukan baya a gaba da'irori da yawa na layuka, suna kaiwa wani tsayi kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya ruguje, ta yadda za a danna da'irar baya ta layuka a ƙarƙashin da'irar layukan da suka gabata. Lokacin da mai amfani ya yi amfani da shi, layin zai karye kuma amfani zai shafi. Nisa tsakanin layin ya yi girma sosai, layin farko da layin layi na biyu suna cikin siffar giciye, tazara tsakanin wayar da aka yi da enamel akan na'urar ya yi yawa, ƙarfin tiren waya ya ragu, kuma bayyanar layin rufi ba ta da tsari. Gabaɗaya, ga tiren waya mai ƙaramin tsakiya, tazara tsakanin layuka ya kamata ya ninka diamita na layin sau uku; ga faifan waya mai diamita mafi girma, tazara tsakanin cibiyoyin tsakanin layukan ya kamata ya ninka diamita uku zuwa biyar na layin. Ƙimar ma'anar rabon saurin layi shine 1: 1.7-2.
Ƙimar ƙira t= π (r+r) × l/2v × D × 1000
Lokacin tafiya ta hanya ɗaya ta layin T (minti) r – diamita na farantin gefe na spool (mm)
Diamita na ganga mai siffar spool (mm) l - nisan buɗewa na spool (mm)
Gudun waya na V (m/min) d - diamita na waje na wayar da aka yi da enamel (mm)

7, Hanyar aiki
Duk da cewa ingancin wayar da aka yi da enamel ya dogara ne kawai akan ingancin kayan aiki kamar fenti da waya da kuma yanayin da injina da kayan aiki ke ciki, idan ba mu magance matsaloli da yawa kamar yin burodi, annashuwa, saurin aiki da kuma alaƙar da ke tsakaninsu ba, ba mu ƙware a fasahar aiki ba, ba mu yi aiki mai kyau a fannin yawon buɗe ido da shirya wurin ajiye motoci ba, ba mu yi aiki mai kyau a fannin tsaftar hanya ba, ko da abokan ciniki ba su gamsu ba Komai kyawun yanayin, ba za mu iya samar da waya mai inganci ba. Saboda haka, abin da ke da muhimmanci wajen yin aiki mai kyau na wayar da aka yi da enamel shi ne jin nauyin da ke kanmu.
1. Kafin a fara amfani da injin dumama iska mai zafi, ya kamata a kunna fanka don sa iskar da ke cikin tanderun ta zagaya a hankali. A kunna wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki don sa zafin yankin catalytic ya kai ga zafin wutar catalytic da aka ƙayyade.
2. "Tsarin aiki uku" da "dubawa uku" a cikin aikin samarwa.
1) A auna fim ɗin fenti sau ɗaya a kowace awa, sannan a daidaita matsayin sifili na katin micrometer kafin a auna. Lokacin auna layin, katin micrometer da layin ya kamata su ci gaba da gudu iri ɗaya, kuma babban layin ya kamata a auna shi a cikin alkibla biyu masu layi ɗaya.
2) A riƙa duba tsarin wayar akai-akai, a riƙa lura da tsarin wayar baya da gaba da kuma yadda take da ƙarfi, sannan a tabbatar da cewa man shafawa ya dace.
3) A duba saman akai-akai, a lura ko wayar da aka yi da enamel tana da ƙura, barewa da sauran abubuwan da ba su dace ba a cikin tsarin rufewa, a gano musabbabin, sannan a gyara nan take. Idan akwai lahani a cikin motar, a cire aksali a kan lokaci.
4) Duba aikin, duba ko sassan da ke gudana sun zama na yau da kullun, kula da matsewar shaft ɗin biyan kuɗi, kuma hana kan birgima, waya da ta karye da diamita na waya su yi tauri.
5) Duba zafin jiki, gudu da kuma danko bisa ga buƙatun tsarin.
6) Duba ko kayan aikin sun cika buƙatun fasaha a cikin tsarin samarwa.
3. A cikin aikin samar da waya mai enamel, ya kamata a kuma mayar da hankali kan matsalolin fashewa da gobara. Yanayin gobara kamar haka:
Na farko shi ne cewa dukkan tanderun yana ƙonewa gaba ɗaya, wanda galibi yakan faru ne sakamakon yawan tururi ko zafin da ke cikin sashin haɗa wutar; na biyu shi ne cewa wayoyi da yawa suna ƙonewa saboda yawan fenti da ake yi yayin zare. Domin hana gobara, ya kamata a kula da zafin tanderun da aka sarrafa sosai kuma iskar da ke shiga tanderun ya kamata ta kasance mai santsi.
4. Shirya bayan ajiye motoci
Aikin kammalawa bayan ajiye motoci ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan tsaftace tsohon manne a bakin murhu, tsaftace tankin fenti da ƙafafun jagora, da kuma yin aiki mai kyau a fannin tsaftace muhalli na enamel da muhallin da ke kewaye. Domin kiyaye tsaftar tankin fenti, idan ba ka tuƙi nan da nan ba, ya kamata ka rufe tankin fenti da takarda don guje wa shigar da ƙazanta.

Ma'aunin ƙayyadewa
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (raka'a: mm). Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0. Akwai hanyar auna kai tsaye da hanyar auna kai tsaye don ƙayyadewa (diamita) na wayar da aka yi da enamel.
Akwai hanyar aunawa kai tsaye da kuma hanyar aunawa kai tsaye don ƙayyadewa (diamita) na wayar da aka yi da enamel.
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (naúrar: mm). Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0.
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Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (raka'a: mm).
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (naúrar: mm). Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0.
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Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (naúrar: mm). Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0
Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun waya mai enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na waya ta jan ƙarfe mara komai. Ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don auna ma'aunin micrometer, kuma daidaiton ma'aunin micrometer na iya kaiwa 0.
Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun waya mai enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na waya ta jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna ma'aunin micrometer, kuma daidaiton ma'aunin micrometer na iya kaiwa 0.
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (raka'a: mm).
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (naúrar: mm). Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0.
Akwai hanyar aunawa kai tsaye da kuma hanyar aunawa kai tsaye don ƙayyadewa (diamita) na wayar da aka yi da enamel.
Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun waya mai enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na waya ta jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0. Akwai hanyar auna kai tsaye da hanyar auna kai tsaye don ƙayyadewa (diamita) na waya mai enamel. Ma'auni kai tsaye Hanyar auna kai tsaye ita ce a auna diamita na waya ta jan ƙarfe mara komai kai tsaye. Ya kamata a fara ƙone wayar da aka enamel, kuma a yi amfani da hanyar wuta. Diamita na waya mai enamel da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin injin juyawa na jerin abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don kayan aikin lantarki ƙanana ne, don haka ya kamata a ƙone shi sau da yawa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci lokacin amfani da wuta, in ba haka ba yana iya ƙonewa kuma ya shafi ingancinsa.
Hanyar aunawa kai tsaye ita ce a auna diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai kai tsaye. Ya kamata a fara ƙone wayar da aka yi da enamel, sannan a yi amfani da hanyar wuta.
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana takamaiman wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (raka'a: mm).
Wayar da aka yi da enamel wani nau'in kebul ne. Ana bayyana ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel ta hanyar diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai (raka'a: mm). Ma'aunin ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel a zahiri shine ma'aunin diamita na waya ta jan ƙarfe mara komai. Gabaɗaya ana amfani da shi don auna micrometer, kuma daidaiton micrometer na iya kaiwa 0. Akwai hanyar auna kai tsaye da hanyar auna kai tsaye don ƙayyadewa (diamita) na waya mai enamel. Ma'auni kai tsaye Hanyar auna kai tsaye ita ce a auna diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai kai tsaye. Ya kamata a fara ƙone wayar da aka yi da enamel, kuma a yi amfani da hanyar wuta. Diamita na wayar da aka yi da enamel da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin na'urar juyawa ta jerin injin don kayan aikin lantarki ƙanana ne, don haka ya kamata a ƙone ta sau da yawa cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci lokacin amfani da wuta, in ba haka ba za a iya ƙone ta kuma ta shafi ingancinta. Bayan ƙonewa, tsaftace fenti da aka ƙone da zane, sannan a auna diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai da micrometer. Diamita na wayar jan ƙarfe mara komai shine ƙayyadaddun wayar da aka yi da enamel. Ana iya amfani da fitilar barasa ko kyandir don ƙona waya mai enamel. Ma'auni kai tsaye
Ma'aunin Kai Tsaye Hanyar aunawa kai tsaye ita ce a auna diamita na waje na wayar jan ƙarfe mai enamel (gami da fatar da aka enamel), sannan bisa ga bayanan diamita na waje na wayar jan ƙarfe mai enamel (gami da fatar da aka enamel). Hanyar ba ta amfani da wuta don ƙona wayar da aka enamel, kuma tana da inganci mai yawa. Idan za ku iya sanin takamaiman samfurin wayar jan ƙarfe mai enamel, ya fi daidai a duba ƙayyadaddun (diamita) na wayar da aka enamel. [kwarewa] Ko da wace hanya aka yi amfani da ita, ya kamata a auna adadin tushen ko sassa daban-daban sau uku don tabbatar da daidaiton ma'auni.