Aluminum shine mafi yawan ƙarfe mai yawa kuma shine kashi ɗaya mafi yawa daga cikin abu na yau da kullun da ya ƙunshi kashi 8% na ɓawon burodi. A m na aluminum ya sanya shi mafi yawan amfani da karfe bayan karfe.

Samar da aluminum

Ana samun aluminium daga Bauxite na ma'adinai. Bauxite ta canza zuwa Alumanum Oxide (Alumina) ta hanyar Bayer ɗin. Daga nan sai aka canza Alumina zuwa ƙarfe na aluminium ta amfani da sel na lantarki da kuma aikin hall-hall.

Biyan shekara-shekara na aluminium

Buƙatar a duk duniya don aluminum yana da kusan tan miliyan 29 a kowace shekara. Kimanin tan miliyan 22 shine sabon aluminum da tan miliyan 7 da miliyan 7 ana sake amfani da ton miliyan 7. Amfani da aluminium mai tattalin arziki yana da tattalin arziƙi da tursasawa. Yana ɗaukar 14,000 Kwh don samar da ton 1 na sababbin aluminum. Converselly yana ɗaukar 5% na wannan don tuna da sake maimaita tonne ɗaya na aluminum. Babu wani banbanci a cikin ingancin tsakanin budurwa da sake sake amfani da Aluminum Alums.

Aikace-aikace na aluminum

Mgoron ruwayana da taushi, durtile, lalata lalata tsayayya kuma yana da babban aiki na lantarki. Ana amfani da shi sosai don tsare da igiyoyi masu ba da izini, amma kudu tare da wasu abubuwan wajibi ne don samar da mafi girman ƙarfin da ake buƙata don wasu aikace-aikace. Aluminium yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙarfe na injiniya mai haske, yana da ƙarfi zuwa nauyi rabo kusa da karfe.

Ta amfani da haɗakar abubuwa daban-daban na m abubuwa masu amfani kamar ƙarfi, ana amfani da haske a lalata, ana amfani da shi a cikin yawan aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace. Wannan tsarin samfuran ya samo asali ne daga kayan gini ta hanyar rufin bakin ciki.

Dalili na Alloy

Aluminium yana da yawanci rigaked da jan ƙarfe, zinc, magnesium, silicon, manganese da lithium. Smallaramar ƙarin chromium, titanium, Zirconium, jagoranci, bismuth da nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da kuma nickel da nickel da kuma baƙin ƙarfe ba su da yawa a cikin adadi kaɗan.

Akwai sama da 300 da aka yi da aka yi da 50 a cikin amfani gama gari. Dukkanin tsarin adadi guda hudu wanda aka samo a cikin Amurka kuma an karba a duk duniya. Tebur 1 ya bayyana tsarin don allolin. Sist Allos suna da nau'ikan zane iri ɗaya da amfani da tsarin lambobi biyar.

Tebur 1.Zane na zane-zane na kayan aluminum.

Don ba da izinin gano wajabtocin aluminium waɗanda aka tsara 1XXX, lambobi biyu na ƙarshe suna wakiltar tsarkakakken ƙarfe. Su ne daidai da lambobi biyu na ƙarshe bayan matakin adalci lokacin da aka bayyana tsabta aluminum ga kashi 0.01 bisa dari. Lambar ta biyu tana nuna gyare-gyare da ke haifar da iyaka. Idan lambar ta biyu ita ce sifili, yana nuna rashin daidaituwa na alumsi da kuma 1 zuwa 9, nuna ɓacin rai ko abubuwan ban mamaki.

Don 2xxx zuwa ƙungiyoyi 8xxx, lambobi biyu na ƙarshe suna bayyana allolin aluminum na yau da kullun a cikin rukuni. Lambar ta biyu tana nuna gyare-gyare. Lambar ta biyu na sifili yana nuna ainihin abubuwan ban mamaki da kuma saduwa 1 zuwa 9 suna nuna alamun a jere.

Kayan jiki na aluminum

Yankunan aluminum

Aluminium yana da yawa a kusa da ɗaya bisa uku shine na ƙarfe ko ƙarfe yana sa ya zama mafi ƙarancin cinikin kasuwanci mai sauƙi. Sakamakon mai ƙarfi zuwa nauyin nauyi ya sa ya zama muhimmin abu mai tsari yana ba da damar ƙara yawan kuɗi ko tanadin mai don samar da kayayyaki musamman.

Turi na Aluminium

Bishiyar aluminum ba shi da ƙarfi mai yawa. Koyaya, kamar yadda abubuwa masu son kansu kamar Manganese, silallen, tagulla da magnesium zasu iya ƙara yawan kayan aikin da aka dace da su musamman aikace-aikace.

Goron ruwayana dacewa da yanayin sanyi. Yana da fa'ida akan karfe a cikin wannan karfinta yana ƙaruwa da rage zafin jiki yayin riƙe ta tauri. Karfe a gefe guda ya zama gaggaituwa a yanayin zafi kaɗan.

Juriya juriya na aluminum

Lokacin da aka fallasa zuwa iska, wani yanki na aluminum odede siffofin kusan nan da nan a farfajiya na aluminum. Wannan Layer yana da juriya da lalata. Yana da adalci mai jure yawan acid amma ƙasa da tsayayya ga alkalis.

Yin amfani da shara'an aluminum

Yin amfani da thermal na aluminum kusan sau uku ne fiye da na karfe. Wannan ya sa aluminium muhimmin abu don duka sanyaya sanyaya da kuma dumama aikace-aikace kamar zafi-masu musayar zafi. A haɗe shi tare da kasancewa mai guba wannan dukiyar da ba ta amfani da aluminium ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin kayan haɗin dafa abinci da dafa abinci.

Ba da ikon lantarki na aluminum

Tare da tagulla, aluminium yana da aikin lantarki wanda ya isa don amfani azaman mai ba da izini. Kodayake ma'aikatan da aka saba amfani da su duka (1350) kusan kashi 62% na Annoled da ƙarfe sau ɗaya kuma saboda haka ne na uku na uku da aka kwatanta shi da jan ƙarfe daidai nauyi.

Yin magana da aluminum

Daga UV zuwa Infra-Red, aluminium mai kyau mai mahimmanci ne na ƙarfin ƙarfi. Haske mai bayyanawa maimaituwa na kusan 80% na nufin ana amfani dashi sosai a gyaran haske. Guda iri ɗaya na yin amfani ya sagoron ruwaMafi dacewa a matsayin insulating kayan don kare kansa da hasken rana a lokacin rani, yayin da ke cyfating a kan asarar zafi a cikin hunturu.

Tebur 2.Kaddarorin ga aluminum.

Kayan aikin injin na aluminum

Aluminum zai iya lalacewa mai tsanani ba tare da gazawa ba. Wannan yana ba da damar aluminum da za a kafa ta hanyar mirgina, rushewa, zane, injiniya da sauran hanyoyin injiniya. Hakanan za'a iya jefa shi zuwa babban haƙuri.

Alloying aiki da rawar jiki za'a iya amfani dashi don dacewa da kashin kadarorin aluminum.

Tashin hankali na tsarkakakkiyar alalum na kusan 90 MPa amma ana iya ƙaruwa da wannan fiye da 690 MPa don wasu allurar-hshin.

Aluminum mizani

An maye gurbin tsohon BS1470 ta ƙa'idodi tara. An ba da ka'idodin en a cikin Table 4.

Tebur 4.En ka'idoji ga aluminum

Ka'idojin da suka bambanta da tsohon ma'auni, BS1470 a cikin waɗannan wurare:

• Abubuwan sunadarai - ba canzawa ba.
• Alloy Adadin tsarin - ba canzawa.
• Designingungiyoyin zamantakewa don allo Allos yanzu suna rufe kewayon tasirin musamman. Har zuwa lambobi huɗu bayan an gabatar da t tikaliyar aikace-aikace (misali T6151).
• Desigperungiyoyi masu fushi don masu zafi marasa kyau - masu zafin rai ba su canzawa amma masu tsoransu yanzu suna da cikakkiyar fahimta dangane da yadda aka kirkira su. Matsa mai taushi (o) tana da zafin rai yanzu an gabatar da ita mai tsaka-tsaki H112. For alloy 5251 tempers are now shown as H32/H34/H36/H38 (equivalent to H22/H24, etc). H19 / H22 & H24 an nuna daban.
• Kayan aikin injin - sun kasance masu kama da adadi na baya. 0.2% Tabbatacce hujja dole ne a nakalto akan takaddun shaida.
• An tsaurara ga digiri daban-daban.
  

  Ackacin zafi na aluminium

  Za'a iya amfani da kewayon zafi na zafi ga allolin aluminum:

  • Homogenisation - cire rabuwa ta dumama bayan dumama.
  • Annealing - wanda aka yi amfani da shi bayan sanyi aiki don wadatar aiki-taurarin Alloys (1xxx, 3xxx da 5xxx).
  • Yanayi ko shekaru hardening (Alloys 2xxx, 6xxx da 7xxx).
  • Magani mai zafi kafin tsufa na hazo na hardening Alloys.
  • Fitar da kayan kwalliya
  • Bayan an kara magani mai zafi a cikin lambobin ƙira.
  • Sayad da F yana nufin "kamar yadda aka kirkiro".
  • O Yana nufin "Annen da aka ba da kayayyaki".
  • T yana nufin cewa "zafi da aka bi da".
  • W yana nufin kayan da aka magance zafin rana.
  • H yana nufin allon da ba shi da zafi waɗanda suke "sanyi aiki" ko "iri ya taurare".
  • Allo mai zafi da ba su da zafi sune waɗanda ke cikin 3XX, 4xxx da 5xxx ƙungiyoyi.