Sinadarin sinadari ne mai alamar sinadari Ni da lambar atomic lamba 28. Ƙarfe ne mai ƙyalƙyali na farin azurfa tare da alamun zinare a cikin farin launin azurfa. Nickel karfe ne na canji, mai wuya kuma mai kauri. Ayyukan sinadarai na nickel mai tsafta yana da yawa sosai, kuma ana iya ganin wannan aiki a cikin yanayin foda inda aka ƙara girman sararin samaniya, amma babban ƙarfe na nickel yana amsawa a hankali tare da iskar da ke kewaye saboda wani Layer na oxide mai kariya ya samo asali a saman. . abubuwa. Duk da haka, saboda yawan isassun ayyuka tsakanin nickel da oxygen, har yanzu yana da wahala a sami nickel na ƙarfe na halitta a saman duniya. Nickel na halitta da ke saman duniya an rufe shi a cikin manyan meteorites na nickel-iron, saboda meteorites ba su da damar samun iskar oxygen lokacin da suke cikin sararin samaniya. A duniya, wannan nickel na halitta koyaushe yana haɗuwa da baƙin ƙarfe, yana nuna cewa su ne manyan samfuran ƙarshe na supernova nucleosynthesis. An yi imani da cewa asalin duniya ya ƙunshi cakuda nickel-iron.
Amfani da nickel (garin nickel-iron na halitta) ya samo asali har zuwa 3500 BC. Axel Frederick Kronstedt shi ne farkon wanda ya keɓe nickel kuma ya ayyana shi a matsayin sinadari a 1751, ko da yake ya fara kuskuren taman nickel don ma'adinan jan karfe. Sunan waje na nickel ya fito ne daga goblin maras kyau na wannan suna a cikin almara na masu hakar ma'adinai na Jamus (Nickel, wanda yayi kama da sunan barkwanci "Tsohon Nick" ga shaidan a Turanci). . Mafi kyawun tushen nickel shine baƙin ƙarfe tama limonite, wanda gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi 1-2% nickel. Sauran ma'adanai masu mahimmanci na nickel sun haɗa da pentlandite da pentlandite. Manyan masu samar da nickel sun haɗa da yankin Soderbury a Kanada (wanda galibi ana jin daɗin tasirin tasirin meteorite), New Caledonia a cikin Tekun Pacific, da Norilsk a Rasha.
Saboda nickel oxidizes sannu a hankali a cikin zafin jiki, gabaɗaya ana ɗauka a matsayin mai jure lalata. Saboda haka, a tarihi an yi amfani da nickel don yin faranti iri-iri, irin su karafa (kamar ƙarfe da tagulla), ciki na na'urorin sinadarai, da wasu allunan da ke buƙatar kiyaye ƙarancin azurfa mai haske (kamar azurfa nickel). . Kimanin kashi 6% na samar da nickel a duniya har yanzu ana amfani da su don lalata tsaftataccen nickel plating. Nickel ya kasance wani ɓangare na tsabar kudi, amma wannan an maye gurbinsa da ƙarfe mai rahusa, ba ko kaɗan ba saboda wasu mutane suna da ciwon fata ga nickel. Duk da haka, Biritaniya ta sake fara fitar da tsabar kudi a cikin nickel a cikin 2012, kan rashin amincewar likitocin fata.
Nickel yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa guda huɗu kawai waɗanda ke da ferromagnetic a yanayin ɗaki. Alnico na dindindin mai ɗauke da nickel suna da ƙarfin maganadisu tsakanin na dindindin mai ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe da magneto ƙasa. Matsayin nickel a duniyar zamani ya samo asali ne saboda nau'ikan nau'ikansa. Ana amfani da kusan kashi 60% na abubuwan da ake samarwa a duniya don samar da karafa daban-daban (musamman bakin karfe). Sauran gami na gama-gari, da kuma wasu sabbin superalloys, suna lissafin kusan duk sauran abubuwan amfani da nickel na duniya. Amfani da sinadarai don yin mahadi suna lissafin ƙasa da kashi 3 na samar da nickel. A matsayin fili, nickel yana da takamaiman amfani da yawa a cikin masana'antar sinadarai, misali a matsayin mai haɓaka halayen hydrogenation. Enzymes na wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta da tsire-tsire suna amfani da nickel a matsayin wurin aiki, don haka nickel yana da mahimmanci a gare su. [1]