Tare da ci gaban aluminium a cikin masana'antar ƙira mai walwala, da kuma karbuwa a matsayin kyakkyawan madadin, aikace-aikacen ƙara da yawa, akwai haɓakawa ga waɗanda ke da ayyukan haɓakawa don zama mafi saba da wannan rukunin kayan. Don cikakken fahimtar aluminium, yana da kyau a fara da ta zama da sanin tsarin tantanin aluminium / tsarin ƙira, yawancin aluminum ɗin da suke akwai da halayensu.

Aluminum homoy haushi da tsarin kirkirar- A Arewacin Amurka, Aluminumungiyar Ind. tana da alhakin kasawa da rajistar Alumomin aluminium. A halin yanzu akwai wadatar aluminum guda 400 kuma na wajabta aluminum a cikin alluna 200 a cikin nau'ikan gungume da tarayya. Iyakar maganganu na sunadarai na sunadarai na duk waɗannan Allishan Allosters suna ƙunshe a cikin ƙungiyar aluminumLittafin TealINOWLENE "Dalili na Suferoy da Iyakokin ka'idojin sunadarai don al'adun aluminium da kuma ta hanyar aluminum Aloys" kuma a cikin suLittafin ruwan hodaMai taken "ƙirar da ke tattare da keɓaɓɓun abubuwa ga allolin aluminum a cikin nau'in injin ɗin, kuma lokacin da aka ɗauki hanyoyin sunadarai da kuma ƙungiyar ta da mahimmancin da ke haifar da mahimmanci.

Za'a iya rarrabe allolin aluminum a cikin wasu kungiyoyi da yawa dangane da sifofin kayan abu kamar yadda ta dace da shi don amsawa da ƙuruciyar da aka ƙara a kan Aluminum. Idan muka yi la'akari da tsarin lamba / tantancewa da aka yi amfani da su ga allolin aluminium, an gano halaye na sama. Da gangan da kuma sinadarai aluminumum suna da tsarin daban-daban na ganewa. Tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi shine tsarin lambobi guda 4 da kuma sansanonin suna da lambobi 3-na-decimal.

Ya yi amfani da tsarin tsara kayan- Zamu fara la'akari da lambar 4 da aka saba da tsarin gargajiya na aluminum. Lambar farko (Xxxx) yana nuna babban kayan abu mai mahimmanci, wanda aka ƙara a cikin alloy ɗin aluminium kuma ana amfani da jerin 1000, zuwa jerin 3000, har zuwa jerin 8000 (duba Table 1).

Na biyu lambar lambobi (xXXX), idan ya bambanta da 0, yana nuna canji na takamaiman duka, da lambobi na uku da na huɗu (XXXX) Shin an bayar da lissafin sabani don gano takamaiman kayan ado a cikin jerin. Misali: A cikin Alloy 5183, lambar 5 tana nuna cewa jerin magnesium na magnesium, 1 yana nuna cewa shi ne 1^stGyara zuwa ainihin Dayoy 5083, kuma 83 yana gano shi a cikin jerin 5xxx.

Kadai kawai ga wannan tsarin lambar Alloy yana tare da jerin lambobi 1xXx) a cikin wane yanayi, lambobi 2 na ƙarshe, watau, an zaɓi shekaru 13.(50)(99.50% ƙananan aluminum).

Aluminum Deanin Alumum

Tebur 1

Castaddamar da Alloy- The cast alloy designation system is based on a 3 digit-plus decimal designation xxx.x (ie 356.0). Lambar farko (Xxx.x) yana nuna babban abu na gwal, wanda aka ƙara wa allon aluminium (duba Table 2).

Cast aluminum alloy tsarin tsara

Tebur 2

Na biyu da na uku lambobi (xXX.x) akwai Lissafi sabani da aka ba don tantance takamaiman alloy a cikin jerin. Lambar biyo bayan matakin decimal yana nuna ko alƙawarin yana ɗaukar fansa (.0) ko Ingot (.1 ko .2). Babban fayiloli Prefix yana nuna canji zuwa takamaiman biya.
Misali: Alhoy - A356.0 Babban birnin A (Axxx.x) yana nuna canji na Alliy 356.0. Lambar 3 (a3xx.x) yana nuna cewa silicon da murɗa da / ko magnesium jerin. Da 56 a (gunaguni56.0) Ya bayyana da alloy a cikin jerin 3xx.x, da .0 (Axxx.0) Yana nuna cewa sifar ƙarshe ce ta ƙarshe ba ta ba.

Tsarin zane mai hade da shara -Idan muka yi la'akari da jerin gwanon aluminum na aluminum, zamu ga cewa akwai bambance-bambance masu yawa cikin halaye da aikace-aikacensu. Na farko batun ya gane, bayan fahimtar tsarin tantancewa, shine cewa akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan iri daban-daban a cikin jerin da aka ambata a sama. Waɗannan su ne zafi Alumumin Allums (waɗanda zasu iya samun ƙarfi ta hanyar zafin rana) da kuma cinikin da ba za a iya musayar su ba. Wannan bambanci yana da mahimmanci musamman lokacin da la'akari da shafar Arc Welding akan waɗannan nau'ikan kayan.

Kashi na 1xxx, 3xxx, kuma 5xxx jerin dunguna na aluminum aloy na aluminiu kuma magajin da ba shi da zafi kuma suna daɗaɗawa kawai. Da 2xxx, 6xxx, da 7xxx jerin dunkulewar aluminum Aloys suna da zafi mai cin hanci da 4xxx sun kunshi allo na zafi da kuma allo. Da 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x da 7xx.x da 7xx.x jerin gwanon simints suna da zafi mai zafi. Ba a amfani da Hardening iri ba bisa gungume ga sansanonin ba.

Alloy allon da ake sakantar da kayan aikinsu na yau da kullun ta hanyar tsarin kula da zafi, jiyya mafi yawan gaske tana da maganin zafi da tsufa na wucin gadi. Maganin zafi shine tsari na dumin dumi da riguna zuwa zazzabi mai tsayi (kusan 990 deg. F) domin ya sanya abubuwan abubuwan da suka dace. Wannan yana biye da Quenching, yawanci a ruwa, don samar da mafita mafita a dakin da zazzabi. Magani mai zafi yawanci ana biye da tsufa. Tsufa shine hazo na wani yanki na abubuwan da abubuwa ko mahadi daga mafita ga mafita don samar da kyawawan kaddarorin.

Allitals da ba su da zafi da ba su da zafi suna samun kayan aikin kayan aikin su ta hanyar ƙwayar cuta. Rashin Hardening shine hanyar karuwa ta hanyar aikace-aikacen sanyi.t6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

Da asali dabaru

Tebur 3

Bugu da ari ga asalin fom ɗin fushin fushi, akwai nau'ikan sassaucin ra'ayi guda biyu, da ke jawabi ga "H" sauya, da sauran masu fushi da "T" saiti - foshin "t" saiti - ƙwararrun ƙirar "T".

Kashi na hy sigmper - yana taurare

Lambar farko bayan H tana nuna ainihin aiki:
H1- Zura ya taurare kawai.
H2- Zirin zuriya da kuma wani ɓangare da aka yi.
H3- Zura ya taurare da kwanciyar hankali.
H4- Zura da wuya da kuma fentin ko fentin.

Lambar ta biyu bayan H tana nuna digiri na karfin gwiwa:
HX2- Quarter Hard Hx4- rabin wuya HX6- kashi uku-uku da wuya
HX8- Cikakken HX9- karin wuya

Kashi na t hasmakin fushi - thermally bi da shi

T1- A dabi'ance da shekaru bayan sanyaya daga tsarin sauyawa na zazzabi, kamar ta ƙare.
T2- Cuba ta yi aiki bayan sanyaya daga tsarin sauyawa na zazzabi sannan kuma a zahiri shekaru.
T3- An magance maganin zafi, sanyi yayi aiki da tsufa.
T4- Tsararren zafi da dabi'a da ta halitta.
T5- Shekaru da yawa bayan sanyaya daga tsarin sauyawa na zazzabi.
T6- Magani mai zafi da tsufa da kai.
T7- Magani mai zafi da aka bi da kuma tsinkaye (gaba).
T8- Magani mai zafi da zafi, sanyi yayi aiki da tsufa.
T9- An magance zafin rana, mai shekaru da yawa da sanyi aiki.
T10- Cuba yana aiki bayan sanyaya daga tsarin sauyawa na zazzabi sannan a kai shekaru masu shekaru.

Additionarin lambobi suna nuna rashin kwanciyar hankali.
Misalai:
TX51ko txx51- Danniya ya shafa ta hanyar shimfidawa.
TX52ko txx52- Danniya ya shafa ta hanyar damfara.

Aluminium allo da halaye- Idan muka yi la'akari da jerin guda bakwai na aluminum aloy, za mu yaba da bambance-bambancensu kuma zamu fahimci aikace-aikacensu da halaye.

1xxx jerin alloys- (wanda ba a kira shi ba - tare da babban tenarfin tenarfin 10 zuwa 27 ksi) Wannan yawanci ana kiranta shi azaman tsarkakakkiyar jeri na alumum saboda ana buƙatar shi ya sami ƙananan alamu 99.0%. Suna da hankali. Koyaya, saboda kunkuntar lokacinsa, suna buƙatar wasu la'akari don samar da hanyoyin walda. A lokacin da la'akari da ƙira, waɗannan allury an zaɓi da farko don juriya na lalata da ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman da bututun ruwa, ko don kyakkyawan abubuwan lantarki yayin aikace-aikacen mashaya kamar Aikace-aikacen Bus. Waɗannan allury suna da ƙarancin kayan aikin injiniyoyi kuma ba za a yi la'akari da su ba don aikace-aikacen tsarin gudanarwa gabaɗaya. Waɗannan su ne aka yi masu sau da yawa tare da abubuwan da suka dace da kayan filler ko tare da allon filler 4xxx dogara kan aikace-aikacen da buƙatun aiki.

2xxx jerin alloys- (Haske Heat- tare da babban tenarfin tenarfin ƙarfina 27 zuwa 62 zuwa 6. Allolin aluminum (ƙarfin ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe waɗanda galibi ana amfani dasu don aikace-aikacen jirgin sama. Suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfi a kan kewayon zazzabi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan alloys ana daukar su ba walwalwar da ba a welding ba saboda saurin kamuwa da shi ga fatattaka mai zafi da damuwa. Koyaya, wasu sun sami nasara sosai cikin nasara tare da tsarin waldi. Wadannan kayan tushe sau da yawa suna welded tare da ƙarfi 2xxx jerin filler allo aller allo da 4xxon da jan silicon ko silicon da jan silicon ko silicon da jan silicon ko silicon da jan ƙarfe, dogara da aikace-aikacen da sabis.

3xxx jerin alloys- (wanda ba a sake shi ba - tare da karfin tenarancin tenarfin 16 zuwa 41 ksi) Waɗannan silsilai na asali, suna da ƙarfi na matsakaici, suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfi, suna da kyakkyawan tsari na matsakaici, suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfi a cikin yanayin zafi. Ofaya daga cikin amfaninsu na farko shine tukwane da kwano, kuma sune babban kayan maye a yau don masu musayar zafi a cikin motocin da tsire-tsire. Girman kai mai matsakaici, duk da haka, sau da yawa yana hana tunaninsu game da aikace-aikacen tsarin tsari. Wadannan tushe suna welded tare da 1xxx, 4xxx da 5xxx jerin filler filler alloys, musamman kan takamaiman aikace-aikacen su da kuma bukatun su da sabis na sabis.

4xxx jerin alloys- (Haske Heated da kuma mai zafi mara zafi - tare da babban tenarfin tenarancin 25 zuwa 21 zuwa 2100% kuma sune kawai jerin masu zafi da ba su da zafi. Silicon, lokacin da aka ƙara a cikin aluminum, yana rage maki mai narkewa kuma yana inganta abin da ya dace lokacin da. Waɗannan halaye suna da kyawawa don kayan filler da aka yi amfani da su don walƙyen fushin da Brazing. A sakamakon haka, wannan jerin allury galibi ana samunsu azaman kayan filler. Silicon, da kansa a cikin aluminum, da magajin da ba shi da zafi; Koyaya, da yawa daga cikin waɗannan silicon alloys an tsara su suna da ƙari na magnesium ko jan ƙarfe, wanda ke ba su damar amsawa game da maganin zafi. Yawanci, waɗannan kayan zafi ana amfani da allurar allo kawai lokacin da aka sanya bangaren da aka buɗe kawai don sld thel tler thel.

5xxx jerin alloys- (da ba a sake cin abincin ba - tare da karfin tenarancin kenan na 18 zuwa 51 (magnesium jere daga 0.2 zuwa 6%) kuma suna da mafi girman ƙarfin da ba sahun da ba za a iya cinikin Allis ba. Bugu da kari, wannan jerin alloy jerin ana sannu a hankali, kuma saboda waɗannan dalilai da aka yi amfani da su don aikace-aikace da yawa iri-iri, sufuri, jijiyoyi da gine-gine. Siferium na cewa ana ɗaukar allolin allon tare da allel ɗin filler, wanda aka zaɓa bayan la'akari da abun ciki na Magnesium na kayan tushe, da kuma yanayin sabis na bangaren da aka kunna. Allyys a cikin wannan jerin tare da fiye da 3.0% magnesium na fa'idodi na zazzabi da ya wuce 150 degccevity don m crosros crosros crosting. Jarilan allon da kasa da kusan 2.5% magnesium galibi suna welded cikin nasara tare da 5xxx ko 4xxx jerin filler filler alloys. Gase Buga 5052 an gano gabaɗaya a matsayin matsakaicin abun cikin magnesium tushe, wanda za'a iya auna shi da sel sel seloy. Saboda matsaloli da ke hade da cutar Eutectic da kuma masu alaƙa da kayan kwalliya asoy, ba da shawarar weld kayan magnesium tare da filayen 4xxx tare da filayen 4xxx tare da filayen 4xxx tare da filayen 4xxx. Manyan kayan ginin magnesium kawai suna kwance ne tare da alloler 5xxx, wanda gaba ɗaya ya dace da tushen alloy abun da ke ciki.

6xxx jerin alloys- (Harshen Heat - tare da qarancin tensigarfafa tensi na 18 zuwa 58 na Aluminum, kuma ana samun su ko'ina cikin walwala, kuma a haɗa shi cikin kayan aiki da yawa. Bugu da kari na magnesium da silicon zuwa aluminium suna haifar da fili na magnesium, wanda ke ba da wannan kayan aikin da aka bi da ƙarfi. Waɗannan allura na al'ada ne crack m, kuma saboda wannan dalili, bai kamata su zama Arc welded autogenously (ba tare da kayan filler ba). Additionarin isasshen adadin kayan filler a yayin aiwatar da tsarin walkacin hanyar yana da mahimmanci don samar da dilminan da tushe, don ta hana matsalar zafi mai fashewa. An wallafa su da kayan 4xxx da 5xxx filler, dogaro da aikace-aikacen da buƙatun sabis.

7xxx jerin alloys- (adar da Heat - tare da qarancin ƙarfin tensi na 32 zuwa 88 ksi) Waɗannan sune allony aluminum (zinc kuma daga 0.8 zuwa 12.0%) kuma ya ƙunshi wasu mafi girman ƙarfin aluminium aluminium. Ana amfani da waɗannan allures sau da yawa a aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen babban aiki kamar jirgin sama, Aerospace, da kayan wasanni masu gasa. Kamar jerin gwal na 2xxx, wannan jerin sun haɗa da alloys waɗanda suke dauke da rashin cancanta ga Arc Welding, da kuma wasu, waɗanda galibi Arc waldi da nasara. Abubuwan da aka saba gani a cikin wannan jerin, kamar su 7005, galibi suna kwance tare da allon fills na 5XX.

Taƙaitawa- A yau na aluminum na aluminum, tare da tumaki na daban-daban, wanda aka haɗa da kewayon kewayon masana'antu. Don mafi kyawun ƙirar samfurin da ci gaban hanya mai nasara, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci bambance-bambance tsakanin allura da yawa da kuma halayensu da kuma halayensu daban-daban. Lokacin da aka samar da hanyoyin samar da hanyoyin baka na baka don waɗannan hanyoyin allura, dole ne a ba da la'akari da hankali ga takamaimanAli. Yawancin lokaci ana yawan cewa sananniyar waldaum ba mai wahala ba ce, "ta sha bamban". Na yi imani cewa muhimmin bangare na fahimtar wadannan bambance-bambance shine su saba da allo, halayensu, da tsarin shaidar su.