Wayar da aka yi da enamel ita ce babbar hanyar samar da kayan lantarki, kayan lantarki da kayan gida. Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta sami ci gaba mai ɗorewa da sauri, kuma saurin haɓaka kayan gida ya kawo fa'ida mai faɗi don amfani da wayar da aka yi da enamel, sannan kuma buƙatu mafi girma ga wayar da aka yi da enamel. Saboda wannan dalili, ba makawa ne a daidaita tsarin samfurin wayar da aka yi da enamel, kuma kayan aiki (tagulla da lacquer), tsarin da aka yi da enamel, kayan aiki da hanyoyin gano su suma suna buƙatar haɓakawa da bincike cikin gaggawa [1].
A halin yanzu, akwai masana'antun waya masu enamel sama da 1000 a China, kuma ƙarfin samarwa na shekara-shekara ya wuce tan 250000 ~ 300000. Amma gabaɗaya, yanayin wayar da aka yi da enamel a China mai maimaitawa ce mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, gabaɗaya, "kayan aiki masu yawa, ƙarancin inganci, da baya". A wannan yanayin, har yanzu ana buƙatar shigo da wayoyi masu inganci na kayan aikin gida, balle a shiga gasar kasuwa ta duniya. Saboda haka, ya kamata mu ninka ƙoƙarinmu na canza yanayin da muke ciki, don fasahar waya mai enamel ta China ta ci gaba da biyan buƙatun kasuwa, da kuma yin gogayya a kasuwar duniya.

Ci gaban nau'ikan iri daban-daban
1) Wayar acetal mai enamel
Wayar Acetal mai enamel tana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan farko a duniya. Jamus da Amurka ne suka fara tallata ta a shekarar 1930. Tarayyar Soviet ma ta bunƙasa cikin sauri. Akwai nau'ikan polyvinyl formal guda biyu da polyvinyl acetal. China ta kuma yi nazarin su cikin nasara a shekarun 1960. Duk da cewa matakin juriyar zafin waya mai enamel yana da ƙasa (105 ° C, 120 ° C), ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin na'urar transformer da aka nutsar da mai saboda kyakkyawan juriyar hydrolysis mai zafi. Duk ƙasashe na duniya sun ba da wannan halayyar. A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai ƙaramin adadin samarwa a China, musamman waya mai faɗi da aka yi da enamel ana amfani da ita don yin mai juyi don babban na'urar transformer [1].
2) Wayar da aka yi da polyester
A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Yammacin Jamus ta fara ƙirƙiro fenti mai launi ...
An yi ayyuka da yawa kan gyaran polyester a China, ciki har da gyaran THEIC da gyaran imine. Duk da haka, saboda jinkirin daidaita tsarin waya mai enamel, samar da waɗannan nau'ikan fenti guda biyu har yanzu yana da ƙanƙanta. Zuwa yanzu, raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na wayar da aka gyara mai enamel ɗin polyester har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa.
3) Wayar da aka yi da polyurethane
Bayer ta ƙirƙiro fenti mai launin polyurethane a shekarar 1937. Ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin kayan lantarki da na lantarki saboda ƙarfinsa na solder kai tsaye, juriya mai yawa da kuma iya rini. A halin yanzu, ƙasashen waje suna mai da hankali sosai wajen inganta ƙarfin juriyar zafi na waya mai launin polyurethane ba tare da shafar aikin walda kai tsaye ba. A Turai, Amurka, Japan ta ƙirƙiro waya mai launin polyurethane mai launin F-class, H-class. Saboda saurin haɓaka saitin talabijin masu launi, wayar da aka yi da launin polyurethane mai launin polyurethane mai tsawon tsayin fil don TV mai launi FBT da Japan ta ƙirƙira ta jawo hankalin dukkan ƙasashe a duniya, kuma har yanzu tana kan gaba da Japan.
Ci gaban wayar polyurethane mai enamel a cikin gida yana da jinkiri. Duk da cewa wasu masana'antu ne ke samar da fenti na polyurethane, saboda rashin iya sarrafawa, ingancin saman da sauran matsaloli, galibi ana shigo da fenti daga waje. An ƙera polyurethane mai daraja ta F a China, amma ba a sami ƙarfin samarwa ba. An kuma sami nasarar ƙirƙirar fenti mai girman gaske wanda ba shi da ramin rami a kasuwa, galibi ana amfani da shi don yin murfin FBT na talabijin baƙi da fari.
4) Wayar da aka yi da polyesterimide
Saboda inganta juriyar zafi ta hanyar gyaran polyesterimide, adadin wayar polyesterimide mai enamel a duniya ya ƙaru sosai tun daga shekarun 1970. A Turai da Amurka, wayar enameled ta maye gurbin wayar polyester mai rufi ɗaya mai enamel gaba ɗaya. A halin yanzu, samfuran da aka wakilta a duniya sune samfuran jerin terebe FH daga Jamus da samfuran jerin isomid daga Amurka. A lokaci guda, mun ƙirƙiri wayar enameled polyesterimide mai laushi kai tsaye, wacce aka yi amfani da ita sosai azaman naɗewar ƙaramin mota, yana sauƙaƙa tsarin walda da rage farashin kera mota. Wasu 'yan Japan kuma suna amfani da fenti polyesterimide mai laushi kai tsaye azaman firam na waya mai laushi mai laushi don na'urar canza launi ta TV, wanda ke sauƙaƙa tsarin. Fentin polyesterimide na gida ya gabatar da fasahar kera daga Jamus da Italiya, kuma an haɓaka shi cikin nasara. Duk da haka, saboda rashin daidaiton kayan aiki da wasu dalilai, adadi mai yawa na fenti na polyesterimide na gida da ake amfani da shi azaman firam ɗin waya mai juriya ga refrigerant har yanzu yana dogara ne akan shigo da kaya. An yi amfani da fenti mai rufi ɗaya kawai da polyesterimide, amma rashin daidaiton ƙarfin lantarki har yanzu abin da masana'antun ke damuwa da shi ne. Cibiyar Bincike ta Cable ta samar da fenti mai laushi kai tsaye da polyesterimide.
5) Wayar da aka yi da polyimide
Polyimide ita ce fenti mafi jure zafi a tsakanin wayoyin da aka yi da enamel na halitta a yanzu, kuma zafin aikinta na dogon lokaci zai iya kaiwa sama da 220 ° C. Amurka ce ta ƙirƙiro fentin a shekarar 1958. Wayar da aka yi da enamel ta Polyimide tana da juriyar zafi mai yawa, juriyar narkewa mai kyau da juriyar sanyaya sanyi. Duk da haka, saboda tsadarsa, rashin kwanciyar hankali da kuma guba, amfaninsa yana shafar. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wayar da aka yi da enamel a wasu lokatai na musamman, kamar injin haƙar kwal, kayan aikin sararin samaniya da sauransu.
6) Fentin Polyamide imide
Fenti na Polyamide imide wani nau'in fenti ne na waya mai enamel wanda ke da cikakken aiki mai tsaka-tsaki, juriya ga zafi mai yawa, halayen injiniya, juriya ga sanyaya da kuma juriya ga sinadarai, don haka yana da suna na sarkin fenti na waya mai enamel. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da fenti ne musamman saboda keɓancewarsa ta musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin saman murfin waya mai enamel don inganta juriyar zafi na waya mai hadewa da rage farashi. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi galibi don shafa wa waya mai enamel mai jure sanyi a China, kuma ana samar da ƙaramin adadin wannan fenti a China, galibi ana shigo da shi daga Amurka, Italiya da Jamus.
7) Wayar da aka yi wa ado da enamel mai rufi
Ana amfani da Layer na kariya mai hadewa gaba ɗaya don inganta yanayin zafi da kuma haɓaka waya mai hadewa ta musamman. Idan aka kwatanta da waya mai hadewa ta enamela ɗaya, wayar mai hadewa ta enamela tana da fa'idodi masu zuwa: (1) tana iya biyan buƙatun aikace-aikace na musamman, kamar waya mai hadewa ta enamela mai kai don ƙirƙirar firam mai rikitarwa, waya mai hadewa ta enamela mai jure sanyi don firiji da matsewar iska, da sauransu, waɗanda za a iya cika su ta hanyar tsarin rufewa mai hadewa; (2) tana iya haɓakawa da inganta aikin sabis ta hanyar haɗa layukan rufi daban-daban don biyan buƙatun aikace-aikacen, Misali, waya mai hadewa ta polyester / nailan yana inganta aikin girgiza na zafi da aikin lanƙwasa, wanda ya dace da tsarin nutsewa mai zafi, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don lanƙwasa motoci tare da zafi mai sauri saboda yawan aiki; (3) tana iya rage farashin wasu wayoyi masu hadewa, kamar polyester imide da polyamide imide coating coating waya mai hadewa ta enamela maye gurbin waya mai hadewa ta polyamide imide coating, wanda zai iya rage farashin sosai.

rarrabuwa
1.1 bisa ga kayan rufi
1.1.1 waya mai enamel acetal
1.1.2 Wayar naɗa fenti ta polyester
1.1.3 Wayar shafi ta polyurethane
Wayar naɗa fenti ta polyester mai 1.1.4 da aka gyara
Wayar polyester mai siffar enamel 1.1.5
1.1.6 Wayar polyester / polyamide imide mai enamel
1.1.7 Wayar polyimide mai enamel
1.2 bisa ga manufar wayar da aka yi da enamel
1.2.1 Wayar da aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai amfani da enamel (layi na gama gari): galibi ana amfani da ita ne don wayoyi masu lanƙwasa a cikin injina na gabaɗaya, kayan aikin lantarki, kayan aiki, na'urori masu canza wutar lantarki da sauran lokutan aiki, kamar wayar naɗa fenti ta polyester da layin naɗa fenti na polyester da aka gyara.
1.2.2 Layin shafa mai jure zafi: Wayoyin da ake amfani da su galibi a cikin injina, kayan lantarki, kayan aiki, masu canza wutar lantarki da sauran lokutan aiki, kamar waya mai shafa polyester imimide, waya mai shafa polyimide, layin shafa fenti na polyester, layin shafa mai hade da polyester imimide / polyamide imide.
1.2.3 Wayar da aka yi da enamel ta musamman: tana nufin waya mai lanƙwasa tare da wasu halaye masu inganci kuma ana amfani da ita a wasu lokutan, kamar wayar naɗa fenti ta polyurethane (halin walda kai tsaye), wayar naɗa fenti mai mannewa kai tsaye.
1.3 bisa ga kayan jagora, an raba shi zuwa waya ta tagulla, wayar aluminum da wayar alloy.
1.4 bisa ga siffar kayan, an raba shi zuwa layi mai zagaye, layi mai faɗi da layi mai rami.
1.5 bisa ga kauri mai rufi
Layin zagaye na 1.5.1: siriri Fim-1, kauri fim-2, kauri fim-3 (ƙa'idar ƙasa).
1.5.2 layi mai faɗi: fenti na yau da kullun Fim-1, fim ɗin fenti mai kauri-2.
Layin barasa
Waya (misali makulli) wacce ke manne kanta a ƙarƙashin tasirin barasa
Layin iska mai zafi
Waya (misali PEI) wacce ke manne kanta a ƙarƙashin aikin zafi
Waya biyu
Wayar da ke manne kanta a ƙarƙashin tasirin barasa ko zafi
Hanyar wakilci
1. alama + lambar
Lambar jerin 1.1: abun da ke cikin naɗaɗɗen enamel: waya mai naɗewa ta takarda q: Z
1.2 Kayan jagora: Mai jagoranci na jan ƙarfe: t (wanda aka cire) mai jagoran aluminum: l
1.3 Kayan rufi:
Y. A polyamide (nailan tsantsa) e acetal, polyurethane mai ƙarancin zafin jiki B polyurethane f polyurethane, polyester h polyurethane, polyester imides, polyester da aka gyara n polyamide imide composite polyester ko polyesterimide polyamide imide r polyamide imide polyimide C-aryl polyimide
Fentin mai: Y (an cire) fentin polyester: Zane-zanen polyester da aka gyara na Z: Z (g) fentin acetal: Q fentin polyurethane: fentin polyamide: X fentin polyimide: y fenti epoxy: H polyester imimide fenti: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 halayen jagora: layi mai faɗi: layin da'ira b: Y (an cire) layin rami: K
Kauri fim 1.5: layi mai zagaye: siriri Fim-fim mai kauri 1-fim mai kauri 2- layi mai faɗi 3: Fim na yau da kullun Fim-fim mai kauri 1-2
Ana bayyana matakin zafi na 1.6 ta hanyar /xxx
2. samfuri
2.1 an sanya wa samfurin layin da aka yi wa enamel suna ta hanyar haɗa harafin pinyin na kasar Sin da lambobin Larabci: abun da ke ciki ya haɗa da waɗannan sassan. An haɗa sassan da ke sama a jere, wanda shine samfurin layin fakitin fenti.
3. samfuri + ƙayyadaddun bayanai + lambar da aka saba amfani da ita
Misalai 3.1 na wakilcin samfura
A. Wayar ƙarfe mai zagaye da aka yi da polyester, fim ɗin fenti mai kauri, matakin zafi 130, diamita mai suna 1.000mm, bisa ga ƙa'idar gb6i09.7-90, an bayyana shi kamar haka: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. An shafa wa polyester imides da waya mai faɗi da ƙarfe, fim ɗin fenti na yau da kullun, da ƙarfin zafi na 180, gefen a na 2.000mm, gefen B na 6.300mm, da kuma aiwatar da gb/t7095.4-1995, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 zagaye mai kauri ba tare da iskar oxygen ba
Wayar da aka yi da enamel
Wayar da aka yi da enamel
Lambar jerin 3.2.1: sandar jan ƙarfe mai zagaye don injiniyan lantarki
3.2.3 bisa ga halayen jihar: yanayin laushi R, yanayin tauri y
3.2.4 bisa ga halayen aiki: mataki na 1-1, mataki na 2-2
3.2.5 samfurin samfurin, ƙayyadaddun bayanai da lambar da aka saba amfani da ita
Misali: diamita shine 6.7mm, kuma sandar jan ƙarfe mai zagaye mai tauri wacce ba ta da iskar oxygen a aji 1 ana bayyana ta a matsayin twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
Wayar jan ƙarfe mara waya 3.3
3.3.1 waya ta jan ƙarfe mara komai: t
3.3.2 bisa ga halayen jihar: yanayin laushi R, yanayin tauri y
3.3.3 bisa ga siffar kayan: layi mai faɗi B, layin zagaye y (an cire shi)
Misali na 3.3.4: waya mai tauri mai zagaye da babu waya mai diamita na 3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89