Wayar da aka sanyawa ita ce babban albarkatun mota, na'urorin lantarki da kayan aikin gida. Musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antar wutar lantarki ta sami ci gaba mai dorewa da haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma haɓakar kayan aikin gida cikin sauri ya kawo fa'ida mai fa'ida don aikace-aikacen wayar da aka sanya, tare da ƙarin buƙatu na enameled waya. Saboda wannan dalili, shi ne makawa don daidaita samfurin tsarin na enameled waya, da kuma albarkatun kasa (tagulla da lacquer), enameled tsari, aiwatar da kayan aiki da kuma gano hanyoyin su ma a cikin gaggawa bukatar ci gaba da bincike [1].
A halin yanzu, akwai fiye da 1000 masana'antun na enameled waya a kasar Sin, da kuma shekara-shekara samar iya aiki ya wuce 250000 ~ 300000 ton. Amma gabaɗaya magana, halin da ake ciki na wayar enameled na kasar Sin maimaituwa ce mara ƙarfi, gabaɗaya magana, “samfuri mai girma, ƙarancin daraja, kayan aikin baya”. A wannan yanayin, ana buƙatar shigo da wayoyi masu inganci masu inganci don kayan aikin gida, balle a shiga gasar kasuwannin duniya. Don haka, ya kamata mu rubanya kokarinmu wajen sauya yanayin da ake ciki, ta yadda fasahar wayar salula ta kasar Sin da aka yi wa lakabi da sunan ta za ta dace da bukatun kasuwa, da yin takara a kasuwannin duniya.

Ci gaban iri daban-daban
1) Acetal enameled waya
Acetal enamelled waya yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan farko a duniya. Jamus da Amurka ne suka saka ta a kasuwa a shekara ta 1930. Tarayyar Soviet ma ta samu ci gaba cikin sauri. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan polyvinyl na yau da kullun da polyvinyl acetal. Kasar Sin ta kuma yi nasarar nazarin su a shekarun 1960. Ko da yake yanayin juriya na zafin waya na enameled yana da ƙasa (105 ° C, 120 ° C), ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin injin da aka nutsar da mai saboda kyakkyawan juriya na hydrolysis na zafin jiki. Duk ƙasashe na duniya sun ba da sanarwar wannan sifa. A halin yanzu, har yanzu akwai ƙananan adadin samarwa a kasar Sin, musamman ma acetal enameled lebur waya da ake amfani da shi don yin transposed madugu ga manyan transfoma [1].
2) Polyester enameled waya
A tsakiyar shekarun 1950, Jamus ta Yamma ta fara ƙera fenti na polyester enameled waya dangane da dimethyl terephthalate. Saboda kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da ƙarfin injina, tsarin aiwatar da fenti mai faɗi da ƙarancin farashi, ya zama babban samfur ɗin da ke mamaye kasuwar waya ta enameled tun shekarun 1950. Duk da haka, saboda rashin ƙarfi na thermal shock juriya da sauƙi na hydrolysis a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da yanayin zafi mai zafi, polyester enameled waya a matsayin sutura guda ɗaya ba a samar da shi ba a Jamus ta Yamma da Amurka a ƙarshen 1970s, amma har yanzu ana samarwa kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin manyan. yawa a Japan, China da kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Kididdigar da aka yi a shekarar 1986 ta nuna cewa, fitar da polyester enameled waya a kasar Sin ya kai kashi 96.4% na yawan abin da aka fitar. Bayan shekaru 10 na kokarin, an samar da nau'in wayar da aka yi wa ado, amma akwai babban gibi idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba.
An yi ayyuka da yawa akan gyaran polyester a kasar Sin, gami da gyaran THEIC da gyare-gyaren imine. Duk da haka, saboda jinkirin daidaita tsarin wayar enameled, samar da waɗannan nau'ikan fenti guda biyu har yanzu ƙanana ne. Ya zuwa yanzu, da ƙarfin lantarki drop na gyara polyester enameled waya har yanzu yana bukatar a kula da.
3) Polyurethane enameled waya
Polyurethane enamelled waya fenti da Bayer ne ya ƙera a 1937. An yi amfani da ko'ina a fagen lantarki da lantarki kayan saboda da kai tsaye solderability, high mita juriya da rini. A halin yanzu, kasashen waje suna mai da hankali sosai kan inganta yanayin juriya na zafi na polyurethane enameled waya ba tare da shafar aikin waldanta kai tsaye ba. A Turai, Amurka, Japan ta ƙera F-class, H-class polyurethane enameled waya. Saboda saurin ci gaban na'urorin talabijin masu launi, polyurethane enameled waya tare da babban tsayin gishiri kyauta ga TV FBT da Japan ta haɓaka ya jawo hankalin duk ƙasashe na duniya, kuma har yanzu yana gaba da Japan.
Ci gaban gida polyurethane enameled waya yana jinkirin. Kodayake fenti na yau da kullun na polyurethane wasu masana'antu ne ke samar da su, saboda ƙarancin aiki, ingancin saman da sauran matsalolin, fenti galibi ana shigo da su. An haɓaka Grade F polyurethane a China, amma ba a sami ƙarfin samarwa ba. An kuma samu nasarar ƙera babban fenti na polyurethane kyauta kuma an saka shi a kasuwa, wanda akasari ana amfani da shi don yin FBT coil na talabijin na baki da fari.
4) Polyesterimide enameled waya
Saboda inganta juriya na zafi ta hanyar gyaran polyesterimide, adadin polyesterimide enameled waya a duniya ya karu sosai tun 1970s. A Turai da Amurka, wayar enameled ta maye gurbin murfin polyester enameled waya gaba ɗaya. A halin yanzu, samfuran wakilai a duniya sune samfuran samfuran terebe FH daga Jamus da samfuran samfuran isomid daga Amurka. A lokaci guda, mun ɓullo da kai tsaye solderable polyesterimide enameled waya, wanda aka yadu amfani a matsayin winding na kananan mota, sauƙaƙa da walda tsari da kuma rage masana'antu kudin na mota. Wasu Jafananci kuma suna amfani da fenti polyesterimide mai iya siyarwa kai tsaye azaman madaidaicin enamel waya mai ɗaure kai don murƙushewar TV ɗin launi, wanda ke sauƙaƙa aikin. Fentin polyesterimide na cikin gida ya ƙaddamar da fasahar kera daga Jamus da Italiya, kuma an haɓaka shi cikin nasara. Koyaya, saboda rashin kwanciyar hankali na albarkatun ƙasa da wasu dalilai, babban adadin fenti na gida na polyesterimide da aka yi amfani da shi azaman mai juriya mai juriya mai haɗaɗɗen enamel na waya firamare har yanzu yana dogara kan shigo da kaya. Sai kawai ƙananan nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya na polyesterimide enameled wayoyi ana amfani da su tare da fenti na gida, amma rashin kwanciyar hankali na wutar lantarki har yanzu yana damuwa da masana'antun. Cibiyar Bincike ta Cable ta sami nasarar haɓaka fenti na polyestererimide kai tsaye.
5) Polyimide enameled waya
Polyimide shine fenti mai enamel ɗin waya mafi jure zafi a cikin wayoyi masu ƙyalli a halin yanzu, kuma zafin sabis ɗinsa na dogon lokaci zai iya kaiwa sama da 220 ° C. Fenti ɗin da Amurka ta kera a 1958. Polyimide enameled waya yana da babban juriya na zafi. , Kyakkyawan juriya mai ƙarfi da juriya na refrigerant. Duk da haka, saboda tsadar sa, rashin kwanciyar hankali na ajiya da kuma guba, amfani da shi yana da tasiri. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da wayar enameled a wasu lokuta na musamman, kamar motar haƙan kwal, kayan aikin sararin samaniya da sauransu.
6) Polyamide imide fenti
Polyamide imide Paint wani nau'in fenti ne na enameled waya tare da cikakkiyar aikin tsaka tsaki, juriya mai zafi, kaddarorin injina, juriya na sanyi da juriya na sinadarai, don haka yana da sunan sarkin enamel fenti. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da fenti musamman don kaddarorinsa na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin saman saman rufin enamel ɗin waya don haɓaka juriya na zafi na wayoyi da rage tsada. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da shi ne musamman don rufe wayar enamel mai sanyi a kasar Sin, kuma ana samar da karamin adadin wannan fenti a kasar Sin, galibi daga kasashen Amurka, Italiya da Jamus.
7) Haɗaɗɗen shafi enameled waya
Haɗaɗɗen rufin rufin ana amfani da shi gabaɗaya don haɓaka ƙimar juriya da zafin jiki da haɓaka maƙasudi na musamman da aka sanya wa waya. Idan aka kwatanta da guda shafi enameled waya, da composite shafi enameled waya yana da wadannan abũbuwan amfãni: (1) zai iya saduwa da musamman aikace-aikace bukatun, kamar kai m enameled waya ga hadaddun frameless kafa, refrigerant resistant enameled waya ga firiji da kwandishan kwampreso. , da dai sauransu, wanda za'a iya saduwa ta hanyar tsarin suturar da aka haɗa; (2) yana iya haɓakawa da haɓaka aikin sabis ta hanyar haɗuwa da yadudduka daban-daban don saduwa da buƙatun aikace-aikacen, Misali, polyester / nailan mai haɗawa da enaled waya yana haɓaka aikin girgiza thermal da aikin iska, wanda ya dace da tsarin dipping mai zafi. , kuma za'a iya amfani dashi don iskar mota tare da zafi mai tsanani nan take saboda nauyin nauyi; (3) zai iya rage tsadar wasu wayoyi da aka yi wa ado, irin su polyester imide da polyamide imide composite coating enameled waya mai maye gurbin polyamide imide enameled waya, wanda zai iya rage tsada sosai.

rarrabawa
1.1 bisa ga kayan rufi
1.1.1 acetal enameled waya
1.1.2 polyester fenti nade waya
1.1.3 polyurethane shafi waya
1.1.4 gyara polyester fenti nade waya
1.1.5 polyester imimide enameled waya
1.1.6 polyester / polyamide imide enameled waya
1.1.7 polyimide enameled waya
1.2 bisa ga manufar enameled waya
1.2.1 general manufa enameled waya (na kowa line): shi ne yafi amfani da winding wayoyi a general Motors, lantarki kayan, kida, transformers da sauran aiki lokatai, kamar polyester Paint wrapping waya da modified polyester Paint line.
1.2.2 zafi resistant shafi line: winding wayoyi, yafi amfani a cikin mota, lantarki kayan, kida, transformers da sauran aiki lokatai, kamar polyester imimide shafi waya, polyimide shafi waya, polyester Paint shafi line, polyester imimide / polyamide imide hada shafi line. .
1.2.3 musamman manufa enameled waya: yana nufin winding waya tare da wasu ingancin halaye da kuma amfani a takamaiman lokatai, kamar polyurethane Paint wrapping waya (kai tsaye walda dukiya), kai m Paint nade waya.
1.3 bisa ga kayan jagora, an raba shi zuwa waya ta tagulla, waya ta aluminum da waya gami.
1.4 bisa ga siffar kayan, an raba shi zuwa layi mai layi, layi mai layi da layi mai zurfi.
1.5 bisa ga kauri mai rufi
1.5.1 zagaye layi: Fim na bakin ciki-1, fim mai kauri-2, fim mai kauri-3 (misali na ƙasa).
1.5.2 lebur line: talakawa Paint Film-1, thickened Paint fim-2.
Layin giya
Waya (misali kulle) wanda ke manne kai a ƙarƙashin aikin barasa
Layin iska mai zafi
Waya (misali PEI) wanda yake manne kai a ƙarƙashin aikin zafi
Waya biyu
Waya da ke manne kai a ƙarƙashin aikin barasa ko zafi
Hanyar wakilci
1. alamar + code
1.1 jerin code: abun da ke ciki na enameled winding: q-paper wrapping winding waya: Z
1.2 abu mai jagora: Copper Conductor: t (wanda aka cire) aluminum madugu: l
1.3 kayan rufewa:
Y. A polyamide (nailan mai tsabta) e acetal, ƙananan zafin jiki polyurethane B polyurethane f polyurethane, polyester h polyurethane, polyester imides, polyester n polyamide imide composite polyester ko polyesterimide polyamide imide r polyamide imide polyimide C-aryl polyimide
Fenti mai tushe: Y (wanda aka cire) fenti polyester: Z canza launin polyester fenti: Z (g) fenti acetal: Q polyurethane fenti: fenti polyamide: fenti polyimide: y fentin epoxy: H polyester imimide fenti: ZY polyamide imide: XY
1.4 Halayen madugu: layi mai faɗi: layin da'irar b: Y (wanda aka cire) layin mara kyau: K
1.5 fim kauri: zagaye layi: bakin ciki Film-1 kauri film-2 kauri film-3 lebur layi: talakawa Film-1 kauri film-2
1.6 thermal grade an bayyana ta /xxx
2. samfuri
2.1 samfurin samfurin layin enameled ana kiransa ta hanyar haɗin harafin pinyin na Sinanci da lambobi na Larabci: abun da ke ciki ya haɗa da sassa masu zuwa. An haɗa sassan da ke sama a jere, wanda shine samfurin samfurin layin fakitin fenti.
3. samfurin + ƙayyadaddun bayanai + daidaitaccen lamba
3.1 misalai na wakilcin samfur
A. Polyester enamelled baƙin ƙarfe zagaye waya, kauri fenti film, zafi sa 130, maras muhimmanci diamita 1.000mm, bisa ga gb6i09.7-90 misali, bayyana a matsayin: qz-2 / 130 1.000 gb6109.7-90
B. Polyester imides suna mai rufi da ƙarfe lebur waya, talakawa fenti film, tare da zafi sa na 180, gefen a na 2.000mm, gefen B na 6.300mm, da aiwatar da gb/t7095.4-1995, wanda aka bayyana kamar haka: qzyb-1/180 2.000 x6.300 gb/t7995.4-1995
3.2 Oxygen free zagaye tagulla stalk
Enameled waya
Enameled waya
3.2.1 jerin lambar: zagaye na jan karfe don injiniyan lantarki
3.2.3 bisa ga halaye na jihohi: Jiha mai laushi R, Jiha mai wuya y
3.2.4 bisa ga halaye na aiki: matakin 1-1, matakin 2-2
3.2.5 samfurin samfurin, ƙayyadaddun bayanai da ma'auni
Misali: diamita shine 6.7mm, kuma aji 1 wuya oxygen free zagaye sanda an bayyana shi azaman twy-16.7 gb3952.2-89
3.3 mara waya ta jan karfe
3.3.1 mara waya ta jan karfe: t
3.3.2 bisa ga halaye na jihohi: Jiha mai laushi R, Jiha mai wuya y
3.3.3 bisa ga siffar abu: lebur line B, madauwari line y (rasa)
3.3.4 misali: Ƙarfe mara waya mara nauyi tare da diamita na 3.00mm ty3.00 gb2953-89